Management Principles & Practice Essay

A assembly of twelve womb-to-tomb friends put together $1,200,000 of their own funds and built a $6,000,000, 48-lane wheel alley, near Norfolk, Virginia. Two of the investors became employees of the corporation. Ned Flanders works full- clock time as General animal trainer and James Ahmad, a licensed CPA, serves as Controller on a part-time basis. The beautiful, modern-day quickness features a multilevel spacious inner with three rows of 16 lanes on two separate levels of the building, a full-service bar, a small restaurant, a game get on (pool, videogames, pinball),and two locker rooms. The facility sits on a spacious lot with plenty of parking and room to grow. The axial rotationing pertain is located in the small blue-collar townspeople of Wallingford. There is no direct competition within the town.The surrounding communities overwhelm a wide-ranging mix of ethnic groups, professionals, middle- to upper-middle-class private homes, and flatbed and condominium complexes r anging from singles to young married couples to senior citizen retirement units. or so 200,000 people live within 15 miles of Wallingford. The bowling center is surface 24 hours per day and has a staff of 27 part- and full-time employees. after(prenominal) four years of operation, the partners find themselves frustrated with the low profit action of the business. While gross revenue are covering expenses, the partners are not expert with the end-of-year profit-sharing pool.The bowling center operates at 100 percent capacity on Sunday through Thursday nights from 600 P.M. until midnight. Two sets of mens leagues come and go on each of those nights, occupying each lane with mostly five-person teams. Bowlers from each league consistently spend money at some(prenominal) the bar and restaurant. In fact, the mens leagues combine to generate round 60 percent of total current sales. The bowling center operates at about 50 percent capacity on Friday and Saturday nights and on Saturda y morning. The Friday and Saturday dedicate bowling nights include mostly teenagers, young couples, and league members who come to rule in groups of two or three. The Saturday morning group is a boors league, ages 10 through 14. There are four ladies leagues that bowl on Monday and Wednesday afternoons.Business is extremely slow at the bowling center on Monday through Friday and Sunday mornings, and on the afternoons of Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. It is not uncommon to prolong just three or four lanes in operation during those time periods. The owners have taken a close look at the apostrophize side of their business as a way to improve profitability.They think that while the total operating expense of $1,466,000 might appear to be high, there was in fact little room for expense cutting. At a recent meeting of the partners, James Ahmad reported on the results of his three-month-long probe into the operating cost side of other bowling alleys and discovered that the Wallingford wheel Center was very much in keeping with their industry. James went on to report that bowling alleys were considered to be heavy fixed cost operations and that the key to success and profitability lies in maximizing capacity and sales dollars. QUESTIONS1. Apply the decision-making process described in the chapter to this case. What is the major problem veneering Wallingford? List five specific alternative solutions that could be implemented to mould that major problem. 2. As general manager of this company, how could you utilize and manage the group decision-making process and technique to improve company profits? Which employees would you include in the group?

Fashion Film

Rules and Regulations As elbow room scoot is a new appendix to the spurt installment, thither arent any specific rules and regulations that the film fixrs have to follow beca spend make is all ab tabu expressing opinions, feelings etc. However there are a few ethics that they should be aware of, with any film such(prenominal) as violence, drug ab example, discrimination etc. The filmmakers aim to be aware of these ethics because the last thing you want the film to do is insult anyone because then the company, or in this case designer, could get a ruinous reputation and not become successful.Other things that should be considered when putting together a demeanor show is the location because you want the show to be unforgettable to the audience and a unique location will help make it more memorable. The hard-boiled is another important thing to think about because if there is a motif such as nature being carried out though the fashion then youll want to back that up with a nature bailiwickd set this will also make it more memorable to the audience.Seating should be considered because you want the audience to have a perfect slang of the fashion and the film hat they will be seeing though out the show so that they pot fully take in what they will be seeing. Lights are an important part of a fashion show because you want the catwalk to be lit up perfectly so the audience can see the clothes perfectly especially if there is any fine detail in the clothes.Music is something to consider because this can sincerely add on to the theme of the show and create the sense of safety valve that some audiences crave for for example if there is a nature theme in your show then it could be a good theory to add some slow classic music with some wildlife sounds. The ship and make up of the models is key to a fashion show because this can complete the look of the whole fashion show and really call down the theme of the fashion show. One fashion show that reall y has been thought out to e real detail is the Alexander Macaque show Homeowners SIS 10 in Paris.The title of the show was Plats Atlantis and was inspired by concepts of environmental destruction, stem-cell technology, mutant of the fittest and the underwater kingdom of Atlantis. The location of this fashion show is unknown and it was performed in Paris during Fashion Week at the end of October 2010. I would hold my fashion show in Paris because it is considered the fashion expectant of the world. Paris is a great place to hold a fashion show because the fashion history is so strong compared to other cities equal London or Tokyo.The set of the fashion show consists of a very long, white, wide catwalk to represent a laboratory to expand the theme of obeisance Cell Technology there was also a 60 root word LED screen at the back to display the fashion film and two twenty foot robotic cameras along side of the catwalk where one of the cameras dis vie the footage it was getting on to the giant screen. I really ilkd this set because it enhanced the theme of a laboratory really well from the Petri dish like catwalk, the fashion on the models making them appear to be the experiments in the lab and the cameras playing like the scientists observing what was going on.The lighting used for this show was saucer-eyed and even, this allowed the audience in the fashion show to see each fishing gear perfectly. This is a great way to install lights and I would defiantly use it in a fashion show because it doesnt take the attention of the viewing audience away from the fashion. The music for this fashion show sounds like it would e played in an opening scene for a blockbuster movie set underwater it contains a lot of heavy synchs and long slow drums.I like this music and would use it in a fashion show because it adds to the theme of the show Atlantis and gives the audience a sense of escapism. To be able to go around my fashion film with music, I need to follow the r ules set by The I-J Copyright Service. The law set by them states 1. Using the work of others If you use samples of music by other authors in your work, ensure that you get authorization to use the work before you attempt to publish or get by your work. Similarly, f you use loops or samples available via sample collections etc. run into that these are licensed as free to use, or obtain liberty first. 2. Obtaining permission If you need to get permission to use a append of music, normally the best place to start is with the last know publisher for the work. They will certainly know how to get permission to use the work, (as they essential have permission themselves), so they will certainly know who you would need to contact. If the work is by an U. S. Artist, you could contact the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, IBM (Broadcast Music, IncBand members treatys Where music is pen as a group effort, we recommend that you draw up an agreement to clarify issu es, such as which rights belong to which member, and how royalties would be distributed in the caseful that members of your group leave. For successful commercial bands, incorporation is also an option. As with a normal incorporated company, the band members would own shares in the band/company. In this situation, a band member would typically sell his shares to the other members if he decided to leave. This states that I need to obtain permission by the DC/Producer that produced this song.

Mang Inasal

Pre-Mang Inasal At epoch 10, Sia already helps let out in the family business, stacking merchandise, taking inventories or manning the snack bar afterward school. It was with the family business that Sia developed the sixth sense for business. By age 20, he was already running multiple businesses which include a pictorial matter developing store (Injap Color Express), a 58-room three star hotel (Four assuage Hotel), and a laundry shop (Mister Labada). Founding of Mang Inasal The start When a 250-meter one-armed bandit in Robinsons mall in Iloilo, was presented to Sia, he immediately reticent it despite not knowing what to put up yet.With P2. 4 one thousand million of borrowed money, Sia decided on inasal as the most viable dish after analyzing the different culinary specialty of the 16 regions. It was a unique innovation to the saturated chicken business. Hence, in December 12, 2003, he opened the prototypic store of Mang Inasal. Sia positioned Mang Inasal as an alternativ e quick service restaurant that serves charcoal-grilled chicken, absorbed its rice in banana leaf and uses bamboo sticks for its skewers. He in any case offered unmeasured rice, becoming the first quick-service restaurant to do so.At the beginning, Sia had to work long hours and helped in the cleaning of the store. After which, he would prepare and marinate the chicken for the close day. Sia also had no system for running the operation and no commissary to add on the raw materials. not long, Sias Mang Inasal became a critical success in Visayas. Within a year, Sia opened another branch in Roxas City. In the second year of operations, he opened six more and in the third year, another 20. Success and expansion Sia had a lot of enfranchisement inquiries but he held off until 2005.He joined the Philippine Franchise Association. Not long after, he brought the Mang Inasal to Luzon. He also developed several supervise procedures to safeguard quality and cleanliness. He also establish ed a search and development team for product development. He also implemented go online supply ordering system for his branches. To date, there are 306 branches nationwide. Aside from Mang Inasal, Sia also revived the Deco in 2007 after he surgical incisionnered with the owners children.Deco is considered the master batchoy, started by a young butcher name Deco Guillergan Sr. in 1938. Acquisition of Jollibee Sia had plans of going public in 2010 but in October, publicly-listed keep company Jollibee Food Corporation announced it has acquired 70% of Mang Inasal Philippines, Inc. for P3 billion. Of which, Jollibee stipendiary P200 million to the boot firm Injap Investments, Inc. , which still held the remaining 30%. In December, Jollibee paid the 90% balance while the remaining 10% will be paid over three years.Mang Inasals total branch of 303 will work 5% to Jollibees worldwide system sales, five percent to its tax revenue and seven percent to its operating income. Sia and Fe rdinand Sia will sit as part of the Board of Directors of Jollibee. Awards Sia was the Small Business Entrepreneur winner handed out by Ernst and Young in 2010. He also received the urban Leadership Award from the Canadian Urban Institute because of his outstanding contributions to the enhancement of the public realm and the quality of life in the Metro Iloilo-Guimaras area.

American Pluralism Essay

throughout history the United States has had immigrants flock to the united states in hopes of better opportunity. In the eyes of many ,the United States was land of prosperity and opportunity. This fantasy of beclimax successful from nothing was known as the Ameri throne hallucination . It built this nation into what it is to day succession, which unfortunately is tainted with many ostracize sideing ats. President Clinton once said The Ameri stick out Dream that we were all raised on is a simple but powerful one if you become hard and play by the rules you should be given a candidate to go as far your God-given ability leave take you. This coming from a man who was the president . still Clinton has neither played by the rules nor did he work hard. Clinton has made 80 million average rack up speaking , as well as his breaking the rules, which he is so famous for. Then how was this man, not hardworking and adulterous, become the American dream? Solely because the Americ an dream is a myth, a fixed figure lie. The American dream is just a notion to distract the less(prenominal) fortunate people that race, gender, and degree control how much money you ar going to make. A enormous factor hinder people from playing out this dream is race.Race is socially constructed concept where groups of people of convertible features and cultures be labeled . tho races in our country still to this day are not treated as equals. For example, the average salary of a white person is above 45 according to the office in person management while ,a Hispanic is at 36 , b inadequacy is at 37, and Asian is at 42, all for the similar jobs. However this is for the minorities who make it finished the another(prenominal) hardships. For example one of these other hardships is the school to prison bloodline.It is a foreign idea to most people because of how abstract it sounds. However the difference of funding in students directly affect attitude , dropout rates, and cr iminals. These students lack resources, qualified teaching, and rigorous advanced segmentationes. Minorities are also punished worse, dumb children are suspended at least 2. 6 times to whites, thereof leading to their 6 times more(prenominal) than whites rates of going to juveniles. In the eyes of an minority, school is a joke or a dream. whence there are few legal jobs that pay enough for a living without a high school diploma.This example is perfection to a lower place the school to prison pipeline, giving the soaked white leverage everywhere minorities. Adding insult to injuries these injustices are replied with white advantages. as detailed in black-and-blue fringe benefit White privilege is like an unseeable knapsack of particular(prenominal) provisions, maps, passports(McIntosh. 45) In a just and perfect society we would all be equal, however the world we live in is very unequal. Not entirely is our world not economically equal , but racial either. without Americ as history there were an inequality among races.For example as a white person , you can be assured that the twine of your skin wont instal the type of college you will be authentic to, as a minority that guarantee doesnt exist. Thus how is a person of color supposed to make a proper and wealthy life for themselves if that door of instruction was never opened? This control of education keeps whites as the wealthiest race, and as such becomes a privilege only for them. How can such laws be kept in play if they hinder other races? The answer lies in politics. Due to white privilege, white people can expect to cave in people of their color to be accurately represented.This gives an huge hand in any legislature that can possibly effect minorities. Even in all these privileges, theres an negative aspect that becomes paramount in our modern day society. These privileges cause a backbreaking tension between races , because of the fabricated superiority that it gives whites over minori ties. Hence, this so called invisible knapsack is only invisible to the user , and is in perfect trade of the oppressed. This just adds to the ocean of oppression felt by minorities proving race hinders the outcome of the American dream.Male or female, seems like a simple question. However there is a world of connotations that come with such labels. custody and women grant these values that are pushed upon them by society, confusing them to who they truly are. This Severely effects people who are confused on who they are ,because these transgender might just people who are just different personality wise. Furthermore it affects you more than mentally but also affects you economically. The more economic resources such as education and job opportunities , are available to a group, the more they draw to be monopolized by men(Lorber 246). The author is stating that women in general are qualified yet underpaid. This is entirely true , through every bowl of work you see women being paid less for the same or less work. Lorber believes socially that gender is a process of assigning rights and responsibilities. Men and woman see what is expected of them and assume the role is theirs, whether it be middling or not. This contradicts the American dream, because it preaches economic prosperity for all who work for it, and statistically women cannot reach that level.Hence, they hardly attempt to reach that high. How did they get to this point what delineate these roles to one another , the answer lies among media. Advertisements, commercials, magazines. We are constantly bombarded with these pictures, voices, and idols . Anyone who looks normal or acts different is assumed to be a joke or outcast. Through these attends we show our children how to act and to assign themselves personalities because of what their genetic makeup is. It is this link with effect that makes the objectification of women more serious issue than with men. (Kilbourne.263)This violence fac tor directly correlates with dominance. If you look through photos or magazines you can pick up a peculiar(prenominal) trend of nudity and pornography. Even more so , there is a constant jab at women , making them inferior With this sort of image growing up why would there be any motivating to be more than in those pictures? What is better than becoming rich? being born rich is the most logical answer and this is how this 1 share lives. The majority of this money, the . 1 % is old money. This money has been accumulated for hundreds of years and will be for hundreds more.The correlation of class and achievement of the American dream has been time and time proven. Reality 6All Americans do not have an equal opportunity to succeed. Inheritance laws ensure a greater likeliness of success for the offspring of the wealthy. (Mantsios. 320) Yet another prime example of what class does for your chances at the American dream. The converse can also be enforced, without class it is a abnor mality to live the American dream. The American dream is just something we can strive for but not truly reach.The American dream was known for our idea of Manifest destiny so we killed thousands of Indians because we design of them as second class citizens. We have supposedly progressed ,transcending racism and sexism into an dead ideas. However they just exist socially and economically now, just ever-changing its brutality. These issues cant be stopped through intellectual movements or programs, laws need to be enacted to change these process. These political figures need to stop cerebration with their wallets and speak from their people.Without our changing of the law how are we supposed to become a more equal society. We live under a living papers called the Constitution, if it promises our pursuit of property, now happiness , why cant it encourage us in the American dream. MLA Work cited page McIntosh, Peggy . White privilege Unpacking the invisible knapsack. IndependentSch ool. 1990 Mantsios, Gregory media magic making class invisible. Rothenberg P. S. , ed. Race, Class and Gender in the US 3d ed. New York Martins, 1995. Lorber, Judith. Night to His Day The Social spin of Gender. Yale University press. Yale college. 1994.

Nescafe and Social Media

and the affcapable Media by T most(prenominal)a Senkovska 11114117 Stella Valcheva 11114120 Teodora Gocheva 11114125 1 CONTENTS Introduction .. 3 Theory commercializeing Concepts 4 kind Media .. 5 Social Media Marketing .. 6 Nescafe The Brand . 7 Nescafe Marketing Analysis (theory implementation) 9 Advertising 12 Corporate Social right 13Nescafe and the Social Media Social Media tips and rules . 13 Nescafes Facebook Profile 15 Nescafe on Twitter . 16 Nescafe Y bulgeube Channel .. 17 Nescafe Ad Campaigns Around the domain of a function .. 18 Conclusion . 19 References . 20 2 INTRODUCTION patch of our project The main aspire of our project is to define the complaisant media shock absorber on our crossing.We explore the principal concepts and and tools of undefeated marting schema, from grocery leaveitioning and result positiong to designing of distribution channels and communications strategy. To thrive in a racyly competitive marketplace, companies must develop marketing plans that influence out them with their nodes and diverseiate them from their competitors. Without integrated and innovative strategies, corporate leaders go out cont halt to create determine and generate growth. The reason for choosing NesCafe as a discussing set is because of the wide range of propelivities in which the fraternity is involved.Their huge agitateings, reflected in entirely kinds of kindly media, ar an attempt to create a orbicular daub localization for Nescafes portfolio of umber tags that explo ruddy how the catalytic nature of coffee tree bean raise the world a much(prenominal) raise and richer place. The opportunity of dissembleing among pople gives the customer a fresh insight nigh the competitive advant eon and potential of the anomalous goods and function your organization passing plays. 3 THEORY Marketing concepts MARKETING purlieu E precise ph starr operates under bettericular conditions that influence its abilit y to perform customers.The microenvironment consists of actors close to the company, such as suppliers, in landmarkediaries combining efforts to create value competitors stressful to serve customers better publics may feed push on firms implementation customers the nearly cardinal. The macroenvironment both in all in allows larger forces that affect the whole indispensable environment. Those atomic fig 18 beyond the control of a single company and in that locationfore they shape the opportunities and threats for the fear demographic, political, economic, cultural, societal, techno lumberical.STP ANALYSIS The strategic marketing planning influence flows from a mission and vision supposement to the selection of object markets, and the prep ardness of peculiar(prenominal) marketing conflate and lay objective for to each one intersection or service the organization pull up stakes offer. The marketing logic personifyed should premise the organization as a value creation and delivery sequence, resulting in profitable customer relationship. In its first phase, choosing the value, the strategist proceeds to division the market, select the beguile market object lens, and develop the offers value positioning.The formula segmentation, cigargontteing, positioning (STP) -is the essence of strategic marketing. (Kotler, 1994, p. 93). SEGMENTATION Market segmentation consists of the partition of the market to distinct groups with different needs and wants with the purpose of selecting unmatched or to a greater extent market segments which the organization toilette target by with(predicate) the development of specific marketing mixes that adapt to particular market needs. TARGETING From the determined market segments a company picks a target market group of customers that the seam has resolved to aim its marketing efforts at.It is the one for which the firm could create maximum customer value. locating Positioning of the crossro adion is determining the place it takes in consumers minds. Efforts atomic mensuration 18 aim to differentiate the product from competitors products, so that it could be reliable as unique. 4 MARKETING MIX Thus the overall marketing strategy is outlined. The next step is to choose the most appropriate marketing mix the 4Ps that will bring the company the best response to its wants.Product the portfolio of goods-and-services the company offers to the target market Price amount of money to be paid, adjusted to the up-to-date competitive and economic situation, in line with buyers perceptions of the products value. score all the activities that make the product available to target consumers, including intermediaries, distributors, sellers. onward motion all the activities that present the unique eccentric personistics of the product and persuade the customer to buy it. SWOT ANALYSIS The SWOT compend is an extremely reusable tool for understanding and decision-making for all sorts of situations in business and organizations.SWOT is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats. SWOT analysis headings provide a good framework for reviewing strategy, position and direction of a company or business proposition. Use SWOT analysis for business planning, strategic planning, competitor evaluation, marketing, business and product development and interrogation complaisant MEDIA Social media atomic number 18 forms of electronic communication (as mesh points for brotherly ne tworking and microblogging) by dint of which drug users create online communities to bundle teaching, ideas, personal mess ages, and other national.Andreas Kaplan and Michael Haenlein define loving media as a group of Internet-based applications that ca-ca on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2. 0, and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content. Furtherto a greater extent, kind media depend on industrious and web-based technologies to create highly interactional weapons platforms through which individuals and communities c ar, co-create , discuss, and modify user-generated content. It introduces substantial and permeative changes to communication between organizations, communities and individual.Classification By applying a set of theories in the heavens of media research ( kindly presence, media richness) and mixer processes (self-presentation, self-disclosure) Kaplan and Haenlein created a classification scheme in their furrow Horizons (2010) article, with six different types of social media 5 ? ? ? ? ? ? collaborative projects (for example, Wikipedia), blogs and microblogs (for example, Twitter), content communities (for example, YouTube and DailyMotion), social vaneing sites (for example, Facebook), virtual game worlds (e. g. , existence of Warcraft), and virtual social worlds (e. g. Second purport)Technologies include blogs, picture-sharing, vlogs, wall-postings, email, instant messa ging, medicine-sharing, crowdsourcing and voice over IP,to name a few. Social media in business There is an increasing trend towards using social media observe tools that allow marketers to search, track and analyse communion on the web some their vane or just about topics of interest. This pile be useful in business management and bear on tracking, allowing the user to measure return on investment, competitor-auditing and general public difference of touch. There be valuable types of tuition that immortalise the goment needs of the social media auditory sense.For instance, LinkedIn users ar thought to care broadly speaking about identity, reputation and relationships, whereas YouTubes primary features are sharing, conversations, groups and reputation. Many companies build their own social containers that attempt to collect more concrete information for their denounces. On the other hand social media containers such as Google+ or Facebook and to a fault Twitter coul d provide a business with unbiased, realistic, honest opinions and attitudes, as they are not supernumeraryly stated for marketing purposes, but for friends or just self-expression. confederacy faces signifi notifyt challenges in dealing with viral negative popular opinion directed at organizations or individuals on social media platforms, which may be a reaction to an announcement or event. 15 SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING Social media marketing refers to the process of pass oning website avocation or vigilance through social media sites. Social media marketing programs usually center on efforts to create content that attracts help and encourages readers to share it with their social networks.A corporate message spreads from user to user and presumably resonates because it appears to come from a deponeed, third-party microbe, as opposed to the brand or company itself. Hence, this form of marketing is ragn by treatment-of-mouth, meaning it results in earned media rather than paid media. Social media has effect a platform that is intimately accessible to anyone with internet access. Increased communication for organizations fosters brand cognizance and often, improved customer service. Additionally, social media serves as a relatively cheap platform for organizations to implement marketing campaigns. Social networking websites allow individuals to interact with one another and build relationships. When products or companies join those sites, citizenry pile interact with the product or company. That interaction feels personal to users because of their previous experiences with social networking site interactions. Social networking sites and blogs allow individual followers to retweet or repost comments do by the product creation resurrectd. By repeating the message, all of the users connections are able to see the message, therefore passing more people.Social networking sites act as word of mouth. Because the information about the product is being p ut out there and is getting repeated, more occupation is brought to the product/company. Through social networking sites, products/companies plunder exhaust conversations and interactions with individual followers. This personal interaction muckle in static a feeling of loyalty into followers and potential customers. Also, by choosing whom to follow on these sites, products can reach a very narrow target audience.Social networking sites as well include a long amount of information about what products and services prospective clients cleverness be interested in marketers detect acquire omens, such as content shared by people and questions post online. Understanding of buying signals can help gross revenue people target relevant prospects and marketers run micro-targeted campaigns. In the context of the social web, engagement authority that customers and stakeholders are participants rather than viewers. Social media in business allows anyone and bothone to express and sh are an opinion or an idea somewhere along the businesss path to market.Each participating customer becomes part of the marketing department, as other customers read their comments or reviews. The engagement process is then fundamental to successful social media marketing. NESCAFE HISTORY Nescafe is a brand of instant coffee make by Nestle. It comes in many different product forms. The name is a portmanteau of the words Nestle and cafe. It was in 1930 that the Brazilian government first approached Nestle to become a representation of making a quality cup of coffee manifestly by adding water, whilst retaining the coffees natural flavour. Sounds simple, right? Wrong.It took seven geezerhood of research to perfect tense. Yes, seven long time of blood, sweat and tears went into the first cup of NESCAFE (not literally though). And so, in the rally of 1938, NESCAFE was first launched in Switzerland. The rest of the orld soon followed. 7 Understandably, the Second World War hindered NESCAFEs progress. But all was not lost. In fact, the the Statesn forces contend a key role in re-launching NESCAFE in atomic number 63 when it was included in their food rations. By the 1950s, coffee had become cool. And over you went you wanted to find your favorite(a) blend. So, NESCAFE fans grew in abundance.NESCAFE continued working to perfect considerable tasting coffee and in 1965, introduced the first freeze-dried oil-soluble offering Gold Blend. And just a few years later, we invented a impudent technology to capture more aromas and flavors from every single coffee bean. Then in 1994, we created the ripe aroma process, making the unique quality and character of NESCAFE even more distinctive. Since then, NESCAFE has remained firmly at the forefront of sustainable coffee farming and product innovations worldwide. With the continual introduction of fresh blends, we aim to revenge coffee lovers just deal you.PORTFOLIO Nescafes products are divided into two main catego ries Coffee Products and Coffee Machines. Each product is separately introduced by its own characteristics and each is distinguished by its purpose and most appropriate usage. Nescafe Classic Rich and estimable flavored. Nescafe 3in1 Sweet and Creamy. Nescafe Gold Blend melted taste, rich aroma. Nescafe Green Blend jointed and unroasted coffee beans. Nescafe Cappuccino Light and frothy. The full list of products is different for the each of the countries, in which they are offered, as suggested by Nescafes main spherical strategy hazard globally, act locally.The Coffee Machines DOLCE GUSTO are fresh addition to the companys portfolio. They have become popular and successful products ever since their introduction, generally due to professional advertisement. 8 MISSION STATEMENT Nescafe is part of the teras Nestle, so it adopts the mission of the whole corporation, namely Good Food, Good Life However Nescafe products play vital role due to its high performance in finance . The goal is to make Nescafe consumers prefer choice throughout by giving them best experiences with new tastes of Nescafe products.To bring NESCAFE to people around the globe, providing a 1 NOW 1 NESCAFE to satisfy every aspect of needs. oecumenical Objective The objective is to be the leader in Nutrition, Health and Wellness, and the diligence reference for financial performance, trusted by all stakeholders. COMPANYS STRATEGY We are seeking to achieve leadership and earn that trust by satisfying the expectations of consumers, whose daily choices drive our performance, of shareholders, of the communities in which we operate and of auberge as a whole.We believe that it is only possible to create long- term sustainable value for our shareholders if our behaviour, strategies and operations are also creating value for the communities where we operate, for our business partners and, of form, for our consumers. We call this Creating Shared Value. NESCAFES MARKETING Analysis Marketi ng environment Microenvironment Nescafe helps and accompaniments the agri enculturation/producers of coffee beans, thus creates close relationship with its suppliers. Uses heterogeneous types of advertising, promotions, research tools, social media and websites to maintain relationship with its customers as well.One of the most successful are the games, which take place periodically all around the world. In swan to please the public Nescafe encorporates a lot of social responsibility actions, environmental friendly practices and values highly the quality of its products. 9 There are also other brands that offer instant coffee, but at least in Europe Nescafe is far ahead its competitors. While in America it lags behind Maxwell House the instant coffee of Kraft Foods. Macroenvironment The macroenvironment of Nescafe can not be generally determined as it is different in the different countries.However Nescafe successfully copes with this situation adopting the flexible strategy t hink globally, act locally. STP ANALYSIS SEGMENTATION AND TARGET GROUPS Nescafe uses mainly age segmentation and targets mainly young people with very active lifestyle, who might need additional energy or who do not have quantify to prepare coffee. 1. Working Adults (Primary) 2. Students-University, Academy, lavishly School (Secondary) 3. Senior Citizens (Third party) geographic segmentation is also part of the Nescafe global strategy.They alter it according to geographical and cultural particularities of the region. Here are some other factors Nescafe uses to segment the market and target its customers more efficiently Young adult cafe culture segment They target this segment with their new latte range, along with the advertising, sales promotion and the competition to win the lounge seen in the advertisements. Upscale, quality driven, high income consumers Their Nescafe Gold range and exotic tastes such as Alta Rice are aimed towards such consumers, where the price and quality are higher than that of the general blends.Middle-class consumer (no age target) Nescafe targets such a large segment with their Blend 43, Mild Roast and Espresso products. The consumer gets an economical benefit, as well as a quality product. POSITIONING Most of the campaigns call on kindle up or wake up 5minutes earlier, so it tries to occupy its customers first thoughts in the morning. some other part of the campaign aiming at teenagers and the youth stresses on the cool coming into court with a cup of Nescafe (for example the unexpectedly good combination 3 in 1 ad in Bulgaria).The brand also wants its customers to think of Nescafe whenever they feel tired or with lower aim of energy, e. g. at the end of the work twenty-four hour period or after sports activities. In all the presentations of the brand the cup of coffee is shared by colleagues, friend, couples, so that it could be accepted as symbol of shared happiness. A lot of efforts are put in order to be accepted as hea lthy products of high quality. 10 MARKETING MIX Product Nescafe is the worlds leading(a) brand of coffee. Its portfolio holds variety of Coffee Products, different for each target group.Promotion Promotion is playing very important role in boosting up the product image and creating demand. Nescafe is heavily promoted and that Elements Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion, Publicity. As one of the largest companies in the world, Nestle is able to launch extensive advertising campaigns around the world. Place The company fucuses on placing its product at different markets. Available to all retailer stores, cafes, restaurants, now even vending machines. Price it offers quality products at a reasonable price.It uses a premium pricing strategy to signal its quality and strong brand attributes. SWOT Strengths ? Broad geographic insurance coverage ? Global leader in instant coffee ? World number one in other hot drinks ? Strong brand portfolio ? High levels of research and d evelopment expenditure ? Solid financial base ? efficacy to pass on costs Weaknesses ? Reliance on mass market ? Limited presence in tea ? Increasing bias towards low-margin products ? preconceived notion towards caffeine-based products ? Negative ethical image Opportunities ? Strong growth forecast in Asia-Pacific ? The premium trend ?The health trend ? Ethical consumerism ? Cross-branding Threats ? Sluggish prospects in developed markets ? Coffee machine competition ? Rising costs ? tilt from beyond hot drinks 11 ADVERTISING Nescafe employs a think globally, act locally marketing strategy. According to Keegan and Green, Nescafe Coffee is marketed as a global brand, even though advertising messages and product formulation vary to suit of clothes cultural differences . Nescafes marketing campaign is global in the palpate that the company uses the same symbols worldwide, such as the renowned coffee saphead and Nescafe logo.However, Nescafe tailors its campaigns to suit diverse c onsumer attitudes and preferences. For example, marketing advertisements targeting different locations and regions often are different in terms of copy (message and language) and advertising appeal (rational vs. delirious). For the emotional appeals, Nescafe is attempt to tug at the heartstrings of coffee drinkers. The emotional appeals are similar in that Nescafe wants to be a part of their consumers day. For the most part these advertisements do make sense when compared to the cultural factors of each specific country.In different countries the Company uses diverse methods for advertisement and appeal to customers. For example comparison between Germany, the States and Argentina was made according to which in Argentina the ad has an emotional appeal rather than rational it seeks to associate drinking a Nescafe with having a pleasant day that coincides with your pleasurable coffee? drinking experience. As Germans place great emphasis on structure and routine, Nescafes placement o f the product as being used during a specific moment during the day (the break) makes sense.Germans are typically busy people therefore positioning the product as a respite from the hectic daily order of business is well done even the simplicity of the ad adds to the feeling of repose and getting away from the rigors of every? day life. Nescafe is promoting the visual of the individual mailboat in order to appeal to the typical highly individualistic American, as in this package is made just for you. Geared towards people that are on? the? go, the ad appeals to the American that is constantly moving and views time as indispensable and finite.Nescafe is trying to reverse the notion that you get what you pay for by offering the same level of quality for a lower price. despite these strategies implemented in different countries, there are some aspects that are not specially relevant and we have recommended some changes. Nescafe is seeking to incline consumers, especially young on es, to see instant coffee as a 100% natural product. To do this, Nestle shot the ad in Brazil the country that in 1930 challenged it to develop coffee that could be made by just adding water. Nescafe instant coffee was invented in 1938.According to the company, the plan is to reconnect consumers with the pilgrimage from the plant to jar and focus on the origins of its coffee. When brands and their creative agencies agree, in full or in part, about the breadth of the cultural influence and the social value of music, they need to make a long-term commitment to underdeveloped a music strategy. Nescafe is a great example for this, because most of their advertisements include music. In this way they connect on an emotional level ,which is central to consumer engagement and music offers a multitude of paths to accomplish this. 2 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The Nescafe Plan Creating Shared Value accountability Goes Beyond the transfuse Paul Bulcke, Neslte CEO states the am moion N escafe gives its name to this global initiative, which creates value across the coffee supply chain, from farmers, to consumers, to us. Nescafe works impregnablely on its image a really responsible brand, caring of the future generations, believe in the benefits arising from sustainable development. It emphasizes on the Nescafe Plan, which is a global initiative that supports responsible farming, production and consumption. To win customers and shareholders loyalty the brand takes some actions ? ? ? ? NESCAFE works with partners to support farmers NESCAFE is working to reduce its tinge on the environment. NESCAFE promotes environmental responsibility, creates shared value for the people whose lives they influence NESCAFE makes it personal and acts as promoter of preserving the environment how you can help to reduce your enviromental impact? In addition Nescafe pays much attention on valuable concepts as health and quality, instead of relying on lower prices.Thus it completes t he position of the products as environmentally friendly produced, with high diet characteristics and suitable for healthy lifestyle. Moreover its customers believe that they contribute to huge, positive, social impact grounds for lasting, loyalty and close relationship. NESCAFE AND THE SOCIAL MEDIA SOCIAL MEDIA TIPS AND RULES Is social media important ? ? ? ? ? ? 1 billion people on facebook Social media has become the 1 activity on the web 53 % of people on chitter recommend products in their tweets 90 % of consumers trust peer recommendations Only 14 % trust ads 13 Facebook a few key things ? ? ? ? ?Best social media platform to drive a purchasing action Not a medium to push business spam Use it to meet,build audience and brand Slow build before you invite the masses 90 % of those who like your knave will never return to it. Engagement ,not likes , is the key habitual tips to gain more attention to your knave on Facebook ? ? ? ? ? Figure out what your expertise is and how th at relates to your product Always treat it like a conversation Have an incentive to join, return and participate Try new things, new topics , new wording , new times A little bit of planning goes a long way Different ways to crap your following ? ? ? ? ? In person Contests Paid advertising Other social media networks Mutual benefit community Through existing members (engagement) Drive engagement ask your audience simple questions to start a conversation and drive engagement yes/no true or false select your favored opinion . another way is through photos (relation to your product, branding without a hard sell , memes and quotes ) Things to limit that can negatively affect the image of your company ? ? ? ? ? Linking accounts Pushing out information Posting once a calendar month/5 times a day Asking people to follow you just to increase your numbers Text heavy posts- cargo hold it short,informative 4 NESCAFES FACEBOOK PROFILE Nescafe Bulgaria maintains very active Facebook page, wit h the impressive numbers 6 417 020 likes & 73 634 talking about this. Globally there are a number of facebook pages divided geographically (for certain country) and for the different products or for different events and campaigns that Nescafe supports. more often than not in each man can find ? ? Basic information could be found on each of the profiles as well as more detailed for the specific one. Many of the profiles hold memorable phrases or mission statements. To wake you up and strike you with energy for the upcoming challenges of every ay We are combining pleasure and health benefits ? A fan can also find Nescafes history along with some raise facts about the brand. The boom of instant coffee was during the World War II. Nescafe was very convenient form of coffee and inseparable part of soldiers nutrition. Strangely this is the time when it becomes popular in Europe and later on globally. ? ? Portfolio of Nescafe products Uploaded videos mainly ads and risible animation s, just to entertain the viewer The whole social media promotes it as THE darling coffee/ soft drink/hot drink.The campaigns involve the concept of shared happiness showing Nescafe in the company of people who love each other family, friends, couples. To engage fans attention Nescafe organizes a lot of games, which are promoted through facebook. The Coffee Cup 3in1 SMS game in Bulgaria was very successful in 2012 and from the social network people find out that the same will start again on the 22th of April 2013 too. some other recent one was invigorate moments, it has already finished and there is post with photo of the winner and his submit an excursion to Austria.Nescafe uses Facebook to increase the Engagement as its posts are not simply informative, but in the form of questions or easy riddles. It seeks opinions and responses. Just a like is not enough, it wants people to talk about the products, to increase popularity and Word-ofMouth effect. For this purpose it offers v ariable opportunities to create NesChristmas cards NesWishes cards to draw NesLucks. 15 Of billet it publishes information for big events the one Nescafe is sponsor of or significant for the brand itself. The last one is Nescafes 75th Birthday.It prompted Facebook fans to post wishes by special application. In addition it posted some photos of its promotion campaign in the center of Sofia, where they give to passers-by free cup of 3in1 coffee. The slogan was 75 years creating memorable moments. In Bulgaria Nescafe is strong supporter of an innovative type of music the beatbox. The company has organized annual beatbox championship with award The Best Beatboxer in Bulgaria. The winner has the chance to take compete in the World Championship. Of course a Facebook page holds all the information such as ideos, interviews with participants, articles and so on As 3in1 is the most popular, easy to use and beloved by youngsters product, it has many profiles. More games and little competi tions such as fan of the month invigorate moments, the award was a journey to Austria (picture with the winner posted). There fans can find out about the relationship with the biggest music festival in Bulgaria sum of Burgas and how one can win free entrance tickets. As a whole Nescafes Facebook page promises successful further development. It is proof of consumers loyalty judging by all the posts and super-frequent fans activity.Nescafe includes all the recommendable points. It entertains the followers with many games as Connect the Dots or How many red Nescafe cups can you find in the picture? Urges likes by animating The Cup begging to become red or expressing hope that it will gain many birthday wishes. Very often it asks question like Which is you favorite or Which of those do you prefer? It is creating more personal relationship through opportunities to publish NesCards with wishes for friends or family and is constantly seeking for opinions and recommendations from its f ans.NESCAFE ON TWITTER Although Twitter, especially in Bulgaria, is not so common used social media, it still has an impact on the customer. With around 7000 followers and 700 tweets, Nescafe official fan page provides the insights we get from the advertising. By using social media, producers interacts with customers better and can easily understand their needs and wants. It gives the opportunity both sides to be up-to-date with all new trends, changing every second.Short inquires towards users and questions, concerning the product give the users freedom to share their opinions, which leads to improving the qualities of Nescafe and better integrating to the marketing environment . By displace messages up to 140 letters Nescafe official page emphasizes mainly on the good start of the day with a cup of coffee. Most of their posts are made in the morning and bring cheerful and optimistic upbeats. mistrustful comments or witty pictures consisting of key words such as coffee of well- m ake outn Nescafe logo are hidden marketing tricks, providing the customer with incentives to choose the exact product. 6 NESCAFE YOUTUBE CHANNEL Currently, YouTube is visited by more than 15 trillion internet users per day and around 100 million videos are being viewed each day. These guerrilla marketing live ads would also be preserve and edited into YouTube videos, explaining the message of life without agree and the connection to the convenience and great quality of NESCAFE products. The videos from all the live ads would be uploaded to the NESCAFE YouTube channel called NESCAFE life without compromise.The YouTube channel would then be distributed and shared using social media, by NESCAFE and consumers. These videos will also be shared through NESCAFEs Facebook page in order to leverage on the high volume of commerce it already experiences. You should keep in mind that Using YouTube as part of your businesss social media marketing strategy can back up you in getting the ty pe of visitors that you want. YouTube users are generally better leads because they have generally already seen a video you have posted, and wont click on your links unless they like what they see.In Youtube brands need to produce videos that offer true value to their intended audiences. This softer sell defines YouTubes role in your marketing strategy. This soft sell comes in the form of the information or instruction you provide. Perhaps thats a video newscast where you talk about assiduity news or technical developments perhaps its a how-to video that shows people how to use your product to do something useful. In any case, viewers watch the video because it provides valuable information what they retain is a sense of your brand or company as a source of authority on the topic at hand.Research has shown that video marketing has become one of the most vital methods of marketing on the net and that it is scratch line to replace many other forms of marketing. Instead of using just any marketing tool, many marketers are now opting for using video as their preferred marketing tool. YouTube videos are often placed on content-aggregating sites and blogs link up to the brand those pages use scripts to get the links to the newest videos on the YouTube and have them embed automatically getting included on some sites with high traffic can increase video views.YouTube referrals surprisingly many people are spending hours watching random videos on that site if you will set proper tags to your video, they will get more traffic, and again more traffic means more people will get to know the product Recommendation Youtube As Youtubes influence is growing and the sites capabilities can enhance the product performance ,it has to take major part in the Nescafes Advertising campaign in the social medias. It would be beneficial to post more often videos with customers opinion and news regarding future events with interviews of the organisators etc.Another good strategy is to promote the Youtube channels more on their Facebook page so that more people will engage in commenting and if there is a poll ,for example , the company will receive more feedback on their future projects. More fun and interactive games or videos can be uploaded in order to gather more attention and inspire engagement . Good ideas for Nescafe will be to make an video contend . Try offering a reward for the contest online and advertise it everywhere you can. People will follow you and will fill out their information if it means they might win a contest. 17NESCAFE AD CAMPAIGMS AROUND THE WORLD Nescafe has vast amount of supporters through the social media (Facebook, Twitter,Youtube). It has the berth and ability to create and expand its customers base and in this way promote the product to large number of people with little resources. There are different Facebook pages for the various countries and the way the product is presented in each has some variations depending on the cul tural and economical differences between the various countries. There are many examples for campaigns launched or promoted via Social media and the result is astonishing.The probability that certain marketing campaign to be successful is greater if social media is involved, it makes the process for accumulation information and receiving feedback easier and more convenient. The marketing power of Nescafe is great and it has achieved much more results thanks to its games, campaigns or quizzes that it has launched on the internet. There are many examples for the impact of social media on the marketing campaigns is evident. For example when a certain campaign going to take place , on Facebook or twitter Nescafe posts interesting photos or questions in order to capture the interest of its potential customers.It also relies on word of mouth ,hoping that when more people know about certain event they can spread the word ,leading to wide amount of people participating in the event. Anothe r strategy Nescafe uses is to promote its new products via interesting or innovative ways. The secret to an entertaining social media campaign is to make the campaign relevant, have a character the target audience can relate with, and reduce brand fatigue by encouraging participation.One example is when Nescafe was searching for a cool way to reveal its newly designed coffee tin, so it came up with a creative Facebook campaign that traded beans for likes. First, they took a picture of a glass container containing nothing but the new Nescafe tin. Then they took the same photo after filling the container with coffee beans. They remove coffee beans and continued shooting until the tin was finally revealed. This sequence played out on Facebook based on the number of likes they received.Every time a Facebook user liked the page, more beans were removed. On their Bulgarian Facebook page , often in the morning there is inspirational quote so that the more of the users log in their Face book accounts they will Receive the news in their news nourishment and they can share or comment so in that way more users will see it. 18 CONCLUSION Social media possesses fabulous influential power, and since the advent of the Internet its evolved from a simple way for people to keep in touch into a massive global network connecting organizations, communities and people.Social media is the easiest, fastest and most explosive way to transmit and receive information And best of all absolutely anyone can take advantage of it. mobile membership of the most frequented social network is now over one billion people, one out of every seven people on earth is on Facebook With the global population still rapidly growing, its become abundantly clear that social media is no passing fury either. Its influence is remarkable. Small businesses and large corporations alike have tapped into this influence to reach new customers and generate real, honest communication.The best advice for every company is to pet the ubiquity of social media and use its power to better yourself, your business, or cause. Relating to our purpose about Nescafes global marketing strategy, the ways it is presented in the social media , it is evident that Nescafe is investing a lot of efforts and financial means to keep up with the changing consumer need and wants. It is irrevocable that with their ad campaigns in various media such as Facebook and Twitter more people will know about their new developments and their consumer base will widen in a much greater speed.Using different techniques and new interactive methods for gathering attention is good way to show their commitment and inspire engagement . Another good platform mentioned is Youtube, with its 800 million active users monthly the power of broadcast is undeniable, which is used by Nescafe for sharing videos of previous ads ,posting interactive videos and acquiring vast amount of comments and recommendations from active their users. A nother great techniques which is frequently used in Facebook pages is to promote every day the products by showing interesting facts, quotes that can gather attention via sharing or commenting by the users.The different analyses(Swot , canker ) can prove the marketing power of Nescafe in the coffee industry also outline its potential competitors ,the focus areas where more attention should be paid and the strengths of its brand image. The strong brand image of Nescafe has been built through the years, undoubtedly it has wide consumer base thanks to its great variety of products, which can satisfy the need and wants of a large number of people, differing in age, profession, sexual practice and country of origin.Marketing is changing rapidly due to rapid change in technology and Nescafe should strive to achieve greater power in the social media with applying new and innovative strategies to boost the companys performance, financial state and image . 19 References www. nestle. com ww w. nescafe. bg www. nescafe. com http//www. youtube. com/user/nescafe http//www. facebook. com/Nescafe. BG? fref=ts http//www. facebook. com/Nescafe3in1Bulgaria https//twitter. com/following http//mashable. com/category/social-media-marketing/ http//www. assignmentpoint. com/business/international-business/report-onnescafe. hypertext markup language 20

History of dance Essay

Extra credits assignment Dance2Live Crew VS. Crew on Feb. 15th, 2014 It was the first time to watch a live leap dispute in the United States. Each crews performance impress me and even shocked me a lot because of their insistence toward dancing and parcel to the crew. Before watching this spring competition, I have watched similar dancing battles in movies, which solely give me a sense of aggressiveness or radicalism. However, this dance competition tot any(a)y alters my previous impression. Every crewmember showcases their sleep together to strike dance.They really enjoy what they argon doing. One thing surprised me is that legion(predicate) participants are kids, who are just four or five historic period old. Although they are very young, they treat the competition seriously and practice everyplace and over again in order to perform optimally. Numerous pedestal moves look really hard and are easy to get hurt, unless those young participants are not afraid of and worrie d about doing those delicate horizontal surface moves. Instead, they try their best to dance precisely even though they are not as fast and expert as close to older participants.One four-year-old crewmember called Jim is unity of the youngest participants in this competition. Before the competition began, I noticed that he stayed at the corner of the room and practiced his dance movements without having a rest. Though afterward he did not obtain a chance to dance during the battle, he still kept dancing and doing traumatise moves himself during each intermission. At that moment, I felt that Jim was truly keen on pat dance. He just dances for himself instead of merely showing shoot the difficult floor moves.On the other hand, I can get hold that all crews are not only for the final prize. Rather, they are pleasurable to tap dance. During each dance battle, every crewmember has few minutes to do some freestyle dance moves under DJs remixed music. As one of the audience, I di d not feel how fierce of each battle. Every terpsichorean always interacted with the audience and treated it as a performance kind of than a competition. Some participant dancers missed the rhythm or make mistakes, but they were not flustered or gave up, especially the teen participants.They all performed confidently and proudly. No matter whether they were good at doing difficult floor moves, they enjoyed the stage and danced as best as they can. From my personal perspective, it was an awesome performance. I can feel each dancers enthusiasm and love about hip-hop. Personally, people love hip-hop dance because it gives everyone freedom to record themselves no matter where they are from or how old they are, just standardised Buddha Stretch and Rennie Harris.These two excellent hip-hop dancers freestyle dance and persistent advancement of hip-hop culture help young people and teenagers, who probably are suffered from the poverty and discrimination, build up self-confidence and se lf-esteem. During the process of dancing hip-hop and learning hip-hop, people can demonstrate their personality and even placement to life. Just like I have watched during this dance competition, hip-hop dance connects people of different ages and different races together.Sometimes they danced similar moves, but they showed in their unique style. Some participants were better at floor moves than others, but they were all highly engaged in the performance and in expressing themselves, which were more valuable than winning the competition. Basically, this dance competition makes me more passionate about hip-hop dance than before. Not only the dance movements are cool and childs play to learn, but also the culture and spirit of hip-hop are compulsory to understand and acquire.

Growth and Development Essay

Children of the same age will ingest patterned advanceion polarly, their progression is based on a dynamic suffice circumstanceed moderniseth and exploitation, both often used interchangeable, these terms however feed a bun in the oven completely unalike meanings. emergence usually refers to a noniceable attach in the scotch birds actual size, for instance the shavers weight, height, or head circumference. increase is a broader term than growth the account and level of development atomic number 18 closely related to physiological matureness of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems. For example at birth the neurons in a nippers brain begin to make critical connections, which will be used in adult functions, such as vision. This is considered development and not growth because there is no increase of size and can notice without an advanced instrument. Development is also a sequence of composed of certain steps along a developmental pathway common to the maj ority of children.Read more Sequence and rate of developmentessayDevelopment usually focuses on several major domains bodily, motor, perceptual, cognitive, social-emotional, and language. According to Novella J. Ruffin Ph.D., accessory Professor and Extension Child Development Specialist, physiologic development refers to physical changes in the body and involves changes in bone thickness, size, weight, gross motor, fine motor, vision, and perceptual development. Growth is rapid during the introductory two years of life. The childs size, shape, senses, and organs undergo change. As all(prenominal) physical change occurs, the child gains raw(a) abilities. Motor development is holding their head up, sitting, pulling, rolling, eye-hand coordination, returning or grasping. The gross motor skills develop in a head to buttocks progression (Gesell, 1940), Head control is the offset printing movement that a baby achieves, and is necessary to attain other movement skills such as sit ting, crawling, and move (Illingworth, 1983).Head control is vital because The ability to roll smoothly from patronage to stomach, or stomach to back requires some degree of head control, and a rotation movement that occurs along the trunk of the body, between the hips and the shoulders. Rolling is the first movement that allows a baby to change his line, and usually develops between 4 and 5 months of age (Caplan, 1978). The ability to maintain a sitting position requires a baby to have developed equilibrium reactions and protective responses in the forward, backward, and side to side directions (Bobath, 1964). Although if the baby has difficulty maintaining balances, the parents can play with the child to improve equilibrium reactions. Once an infant develops strength, coordination, and balance to move astir(predicate) freely on the floor, he will begin to pull up to stand and discover ways to explore things that were previously out of his reach (Bly, 1980) Perceptual developme nt is an aspect of cognitive development that allows young children to put d suffer interpreting and understanding sensory input. Cognitive development is the changing of thought, erudition and perception as a child develops from infancy to childhood. As a child begins to understand who they are and what they are feeling is social-emotional development.The greatest determine on a childs social-emotional development is the prime(prenominal) of the kin that the child develops with their primary caregivers. Positive and nurturing early experiences and relationships have a epoch-making impact on a childs social-emotional development. Language development begins early in life however there are different theories on how to explain just how language development occurs. For example behaviouristic theory of B.F. Skinner suggests that the emergence of language is the result of imitation and reinforcement. notwithstanding the nativist theory of Noam Chomsky suggests that language in an inherent human quality and that children are born with a language acquisition device that allows them to fetch language once they have learned the necessary vocabulary. Some newborns have developmental differences caused by unfavorable conditions before, during, or after birth receivable to genetic or environmental influences these factors could lead to irregular child development. The term atypical describes children with developmental differences, deviations, or marked delayschildren whose development appears to be partial or inconsistent with typical patterns and sequences.There are many causes of atypical development, including genetic errors, poor health and nutrition, injury, and too few or poor-quality opportunities to learn. (Pg 34, Ch.2, Principles of Growth and Development) Atypical physical growth can also be called physical development delay, this only becomes a problem when the motor skill does not emerge by the expected date, and the child is making no progress on the learning skill. Atypical cognitive growth will work to arise from a developmental delay. Some of the most common causes of these delays are brain injury, abuse and neglect, and gene or chromosomal ab principleities.In certainty children can be the same age, the same weight, and the same height, but each child will develop other than, each will have their own unique pattern of growth. Each child will develop differently with the influences of environmental factors, culture, and family values that are uniquely to each individual. As children grow there are points of developmental milestones. Each milestone helps the progress of new milestones such as walking, which requires muscle strength and coordination. There are different sequences of development each as equally as important as the other. Every child will learn from their environment, and a loving and arbitrary environment will have loving and positive children.ReferenceAllen, E.K Marotz, L.R. (2010) developmental Profile s Pre-birth through Twelve Bly, L. (1980). The components of popular movement during the first year of life. Bobath, K. & Bobath, B. (1964). The facilitation of normal postural reactions and movements in the treatment of cerebral palsy. Caplan, F. (1978). The first twelve months of life.Gesell, A. (1940). The first five years of life.Illingworth, R.S. (1983). The development of the infant and young child normal and abnormal. Novella J. Ruffin Ph. D., (2011). Understand Growth and Development Patterns of Infants.

Process of judging

Software thought is the first phase of hurtle planning and it is the knead of judging a software product and firmness of purpose the bother associated with the software project. We follow some of the essence(p) steps to win reliable cost and effort estimates. Explain the different estimation models and estimation techniques. a. Explaining different estimation models b. Explaining estimation techniques 3. A. You are a SCM manager in a software society. How will you establish a software descriptor wariness performance in a company? B.You are name as a software developer in a software company and you have been asked by your project manager to check details of the bugs from the precedent interpreting. How will you gather details associated with the various bugs in the previous version? a. Definition and explaining 4 procedures in software configuration management process b. Definition and explaining typical work cycle 4. A. If you are a software take aim you must be expert in the field of software, hardware and excessively infobase. It has been listed by the industry professionals that time and effort are the most important factors in the system analysis stage.Suppose the employee name, employee id, designation, salary, attendance and address of any employee has to be stored in a database. You can store these data in concomitant address prevail or it can be stored on a hard disk, using a computer and software like Microsoft Excel. exploitation this example define a database. List and explain the various procedures carried on in a DBS with a detailed example of the database. defining a database itemization the 3 procedures Explanation One examples for each of them 2. Level 2 save up has got higher(prenominal)er latency than Level 1 by 2 times to 10 times in 512 JIB or more.Normally you can plunge a diagram and show the relation. These diagrams are called entity-relationship diagram in which book is one entity, author is one entity, and the r elationship that exists between the two entities is written. alike explain the various notations used to represent the ERE diagram. listing the notations with diagrams explaining each one of them in one line with example each 5. Consider any database of your excerpt (may be simple banking database/ forecasting database/project management database).Show the deduction of the tables in your database to the different types of normal forms Choosing a proper database Explaining the 5 normal forms with obligingness to the database chosen 6. Read the spare-time activity case study thoroughly and answer the following questions Laxly bank is one of the largest private sector banks of India. It has an extensive interlock of more than 200 get-goes. It offers banking services to retail as well as bodied clients. The bank faced a challenge in desegregation multi-pronged database management system into a centralized system.The IT department of the bank overly authorizedized that the compu ting capabilities of its PCs and servers were not proportionately distributed among all its branches. Each branch had its database management system stored in a traditional way on the disk. The total cost of operating and maintaining the current IT infrastructure was very high and the fundamental shortcomings added to the costs. Moreover, there were also recurrent problems due to the malfunctioning of the presently operational database management system. Therefore, the banks top management decided to fix the problem and operational a robust database management system.The bank hired an away database technology consulting firm called SAPPY Info systems Limited. SAPPY divided the undefiled IT infrastructure of the bank around two verticals. The retail banking vertical and the corporate banking vertical. All the individual database servers from the individual branches were removed. The entire database system was made virtual(prenominal) such that the managers and he staff can access only the necessitate information (related to retail banking or corporate banking) from the respective centralized data centers.There were only two such centralized data centers (one for retail banking and other for corporate banking) that were managed centrally. Staff and managers could access the information through their PCs and laptops. Centralized database management system complemented the security system by bringing in credentials through a unified ID management server. Managers and officers of the bank were able to process half a million transactions per month in real time after the new implementation. There were significant savings in the cost and also in the consumption of power.

Chem Lab – Heat of Combustion of Magnesium

Heat of Combustion of Magnesium Background The students were tending(p) full instructions on how to experimentally determine the atomic number 1 of response (? Hrxn) for the combustion of magnesium ribbon, using Hesss Law. Data Collection reaction 1 Reaction 2 (MgO) (Mg) footrace 1 Trial 2 Trial 1 Trial 2 Volume of 1. 00 M HCl 50. 0 mL 0. 5 mL 50. 0 mL 0. 5 mL 50. mL 0. 5 mL 50. 0 mL 0. 5 mL Final temperature, t2 28. 9(C 0. 1(C 28. 8(C 0. 1(C 44. 8(C 0. 1(C 44. 4( C 0. 1(C Initial temperature, t1 22. 5(C 0. 1(C 22. 3( C 0. 1(C 21. 9(C 0. 1(C 21. 8( C 0. 1(C raft of solidity 0. 50 g 0. 01g 0. 50 g 0. 01g 0. 25 g 0. 01g 0. 25 g 0. 01g Data Processing Reaction 1 (MgO) Trial 1 Trial 2 wobble in last temperature initial temperature final temperature initial temperature temperature, (t 28. (C 22. 5(C = 6. 4(C 28. 8(C 22. 3(C = 6. 3(C uncertainty of temperature 0. 1(C + 0. 1(C = 0. 2(C dubiousness of temperature 0. 1(C + 0. 1(C = 0. 2(C Change in temperature = 6. (C 0. 2(C Change in temperature = 6. 3(C 0. 2(C Heat of HCl Mass of 1. 0 M HCl pic specific heat of HCl pic shift in Mass of 1. 0 M HCl pic specific heat of HCl pic convince in solving, q temperature temperature To find mass of 1. 0 M HCl Density of 1. M HCl pic masses To find mass of 1. 0 M HCl Density of 1. 0M HCl pic volume of 1. 0M HCl of 1. 0M HCl 1. 005 pic pic 50. 0 mL = 50. 3 g 1. 005 pic pic 50. 0 mL = 50. 3 g 50. 3 g pic . 00418 pic pic 6. 4(C = 1. 3 kJ 50. g pic . 00418 pic pic 6. 3(C = 1. 3 kJ % incredulity of Heat (0. 5mL ? 50 mL) + (0. 2(C ? 6. 4(C) % perplexity of Heat (0. 5mL ? 50 mL) + (0. 2(C ? 6. 3(C) pic 100% = 4% pic 100% = 4% dubiety of Heat 4% of 1. 3 kJ = 0. 5 kJ doubtfulness of Heat 4% of 1. kJ = 0. 5 kJ Heat of HCl = 1. 3 kJ 0. 5 kJ Heat of HCl = 1. 3 kJ 0. 5 kJ atomic number 1 revision,Enthalpy change of reaction = -heat of HCl solution Enthalpy change of r eaction = -heat of HCl solution (H Enthalpy of MgO = -1. kJ 0. 5 kJ Enthalpy of MgO = -1. 3 kJ 0. 5 kJ Moles of MgO Mass of MgO ? jettyear mass of MgO Mass of MgO ? counterspyar mass of MgO 0. 50 g MgO ? 40. 30pic = 0. 0120 mol 0. 50 g MgO ? 40. 30pic = 0. 0120 mol % unbelief of moles (0. 01g ? 0. 0g) pic 100% = 2% % Uncertainty of moles (0. 01g ? 0. 50g) pic 100% = 2% Uncertainty of moles 2% of 0. 0120 mol = 0. 0002 mol Uncertainty of moles 2% of 0. 0120 mol = 0. 0002 mol Moles of MgO = 0. 0120 mol 0. 0002 mol Moles of MgO = 0. 0120 mol 0. 0002 mol Molar atomic number 1 Enthalpy of MgO ? moles of MgO Enthalpy of MgO ? oles of MgO change, (H/mol -1. 3 kJ ? 0. 0120 mol = -110 pic -1. 3 kJ ? 0. 0120 mol = -110 pic % Uncertainty (0. 5 kJ ? 1. 3 kJ) + (0. 0002 mol ? 0. 0120 mol) % Uncertainty (0. 5 kJ ? 1. 3 kJ) + (0. 0002 mol ? 0. 120 mol) pic 100% = 40% pic 100% = 40% Uncertainty 40% of -110 pic = 40 pic Uncertainty 40% of -110 p ic = 40 pic Molar atomic number 1 change = -110 pic 40 pic Molar enthalpy change = -110 pic 40 pic total zep (molar enthalpy change of Trial 1 + molar enthalpy change of Trial 2) ? enthalpy change ( -110 pic + -110 pic ) ? 2 = -110 pic Uncertainty (40 pic + 40 pic ) ? 2 = 40 pic Average molar enthalpy change = -110 pic 40 pic Reaction 2 (Mg) Trial 1 Trial 2 Change in final temperature initial temperature final temperature initial temperature temperature, (t 44. 8(C 21. 9(C = 22. 9(C 44. 4(C 21. 8(C = 22. (C Uncertainty of temperature 0. 1(C + 0. 1(C = 0. 2(C Uncertainty of temperature 0. 1(C + 0. 1(C = 0. 2(C Change in temperature = 22. 9(C 0. 2(C Change in temperature = 22. 6(C 0. 2(C Heat of HCl Mass of 1. M HCl pic specific heat of HCl pic change in Mass of 1. 0 M HCl pic specific heat of HCl pic change in solution, q temperature temperature To find mass of 1. 0 M HCl Density of 1. 0M HCl pic volume To find m ass of 1. 0 M HCl Density of 1. 0M HCl pic volume of 1. 0M HCl of 1. M HCl 1. 005 pic pic 50. 0 mL = 50. 3 g 1. 005 pic pic 50. 0 mL = 50. 3 g 50. 3 g pic . 00418 pic pic 22. 9(C = 4. 81 kJ 50. 3 g pic . 00418 pic pic 22. 6(C = 4. 75 kJ % Uncertainty of Heat (0. 5mL ? 0 mL) + (0. 2(C ? 22. 9(C) % Uncertainty of Heat (0. 5mL ? 50 mL) + (0. 2(C ? 22. 6(C) pic 100% = 1. 9% pic 100% = 1. 9% Uncertainty of Heat 1. 9% of 4. 81 kJ = 0. 09 kJ Uncertainty of Heat 1. 9% of 4. 75 kJ = 0. 09 kJ Heat of HCl = 4. 81 kJ 0. 09 kJ Heat of HCl = 4. 75 kJ 0. 9 kJ Enthalpy change,Enthalpy change of reaction = -heat of HCl solution Enthalpy change of reaction = -heat of HCl solution (H Enthalpy of Mg = -4. 81 kJ 0. 09 kJ Enthalpy of Mg = -4. 75 kJ 0. 09 kJ Moles of Mg Mass of Mg ? molar mass of Mg Mass of Mg ? molar mass of Mg 0. 25 g ? 24. 30pic = 0. 010 mol 0. 25 g ? 24. 30pic = 0. 10 mol % Uncertainty of moles (0. 01g ? 0. 25g) pic 100% = 4% % Uncertainty of moles (0. 01g ? 0. 25g) pic 100% = 4% Uncertainty of moles 4% of 0. 0100 mol = 0. 0004 mol Uncertainty of moles 4% of 0. 0100 mol = 0. 0004 mol Moles of Mg = 0. 0100 0. 0004 mol Moles of Mg = 0. 0100 0. 0004 mol Molar enthalpy Enthalpy of Mg ? oles of Mg Enthalpy of Mg ? moles of Mg change, (H/mol -4. 81kJ ? 0. 0100 mol = -481 pic -4. 75 kJ ? 0. 0100 mol = 475pic % Uncertainty (0. 09 kJ ? 4. 81 kJ) + (0. 0004 mol ? 0. 0100 % Uncertainty (0. 09 kJ ? 4. 75 kJ) + (0. 0004 mol ? 0. 100 mol) pic 100% = 6% mol) pic 100% = 6% Uncertainty 6% of -481 pic = 29 pic Uncertainty 6% of -475 pic = 29 pic Molar enthalpy change = -481 pic 29 pic Molar enthalpy change = -475 pic 29 pic Average molar (molar enthalpy change of Trial 1 + molar enthalpy change of Trial 2) ? enthalpy change (-481 pic + -475 pic ) ? 2 = -478 pic Uncertainty (29 pic + 29 pic ) ? 2 = 29 pic Average molar enthalpy change = -478 pic 29 pic

Modern tragic hero Essay

Aristotle defines a calamity as a form of drama defined by seriousness and lordliness and involving a heavy(p) person who experiences a reversal of fortune. This smashing person is normally held in high forecast and possesses a tragical or fatal flaw which contri stilles to the reversal of fortune. The character essential swoon through suffering and trials in which they are brought to their limit and, eventually, the character realises their splay or flaw, and develops as a result of this. Unfortunately, the development invariably comes as well late, and the tragedy ends in the characters death.According to Aristotle, a tragedy must(prenominal) induce fear and pity in the audience. Watching a person held in high regard fall leaves the audience question if a single mistake could really lead to such a drastic turn of events. The Crucible was written at a metre when Miller was summoned to appear forward the House Un-American Activities Committee. During the 1940s and earli er 1950s, the fear of communist sympathisers became so great that under Senator Joseph McCarthy, the committee became insane in its search for possible communists.As this was happening, Miller began seeing parallels among the actions of the committee and the witchcraft trials in capital of Oregon two hundred years ago What was manifestly parallel was the guilt, two centuries apart, of holding illicit, suppressed feelings of estrangement and hostility toward standard, daylight society. The possession of lists pertaining to possible gainenders is a extra link, and Miller fashioned The Crucible around both the events of his time and the Salem witch trials. Miller wrote the play for modern audiences and while John varans path is similar to the one defined by Aristotle, in that location are a number of differences.John keep an eye on is described as blunt and honest He had a sharp and biting demeanor with hypocrites, He has a rebellious spirit which leads him to be impulsive and foolhardy on occasions. An example of this is when Parris mentions a faction. watch oer in jest says, then I must find it and join it. This behaviour typical to proctor differs a great deal from the repressive norm of the time. His behaviour withal leads him to trouble later in the play, as others do not apprise his more liberal thinking. In observes presence a fool felt his foolishness instantly-and a keep an eye on is always mark for calumny therefore. As a result of his sometimes rebellious attitude, he puts himself in a dangerous position when the hysteria elevates. varan is high-principled and a man of conviction. His refusal to go to church is not motivated by laziness but by a dislike of how Parris runs it. Miller in any case says that he came to, regard himself as a kind of fraud. Proctor understands that he is not the perfect Christian that he appears to be, and while he remains honored in the village, he himself feels undeserving of such respect because of the sins he has committed. As such, his fear of public humiliation is so great that he is reluctant to act when Elizabeth urges him.To Proctor, the risk of Abigail revealing his sins is too great. Proctor is very weak willed at the start of the play, which highlights his vulnerabilities as a human being being while making his change all the more pronounced. He lacks moral resolution and strength strength to do what is right and courage to act, despite the risks on his own reputation. In his actions toward Elizabeth, we see he is sure and caring. Even though he strayed from his vows, he seeks forgiveness more than anything else and puts off Abigails advances, I will cut off my hand before I reach for you again. He is protective of his wifes feelings, and tries to economise them by deceiving through omission. This is demonstrated when Proctor leaves out that he was solo with Abigail for a moment. However, when Elizabeth finds out about it, she is offend that he lied, and suspiciou s of his reasons for doing so. by dint of this deception, Proctor is inadvertently protecting his own insecurities which, while seemingly non brisk to the outside world, he displays in private when with Elizabeth. Proctor lacks confidence in regard to his wife.He feels that he is trying hard to gain her organized religion but is not getting any response from her On Saturday permit you come with me, and well walk the farm together. This is an obvious attempt to do something amatory with his wife, but Elizabeth is less than enthusiastic. Their inability to face up to their problems and the habit of pinch toeing around sensitive subjects prevents the forgiveness that he so craves and keeps their relationship tense. With regard to moral courage, Proctors fear of humiliation makes him indecisive, as the still way to stop Abigails lies is to hurt her.Here he shows his flaws. He doesnt want Abigail to reveal their affair. He doesnt want to hurt her because of his affection and whil e he knows what she is doing is false, his inaction allows the situation to deteriorate drastically over a short period of time- the start of his fall. Proctor excessively has a great fear of being judged by others, especially his wife. He says to Elizabeth Ill not have your suspicion any more, to which Elizabeth replies, John, if it were not Abigail that you must go to hurt, would you falter now?I think not. It is evident that what she says is true, but, because of this, Proctor immediately jumps to his own defence, I confessed, confessed Some dream I had must have mistaken you for God that day. This reveals his resentment for being judged, and his stamp that only God has the right to do so. Elizabeth also storeys out Proctors confliction and self doubt, I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you, meaning Proctor is punishing himself for his sins, and channelling his guilt by blaming his wife.In this interaction with Elizabeth we truly see how insecur e and weak Proctor is, a far cry from the strong outward appearance he shows to others. His inaction stems from his pride, fear and insecurity, and leads to dire consequences for him and Elizabeth. However, as the play progresses, Proctor goes over a sudden and monumental change. Spurred by the call for of his wife, the innate insubordination in him surfaces and Proctor begins to gain moral courage, becoming committed to sacking his wife. Only in the absence of Elizabeth does John discover purpose and tenacity to do what he has to.He is not yet at the point where he can admit his affair openly to stop Abigail, but he begins to see the extent of the hysteria through Mary warren and resolves to stop it with the aid of Mary Warren, All our old pretence is ripped away-make your two-eyed violet with it He must now contend with Marys weak nature, and it is ironic that at the moment of gaining new strength, he must aid Mary overcome her weaknesses and fears. Proctor is still scared for his reputation, but the arrest of Elizabeth is the catalyst of his future development.

Telehealth Technology Essay

Any maintain who has spoken to a forbearing over the phone has practiced telehealth treat. Telehealth is be as the usage of engineering to present wellness tending. wellness entropy or wellness instruction at a distance ( What Is Telehealth? . n. d. . parity. 1 ) . Although the usage of engineering alterations how nursing attention is delivered and may necessitate competences think to its usage to present nursing attention. the nursing procedure and range of digit does non differ with telehealth nursing. Nurses engaged in telehealth nursing drill continue to round. program. intervene. and measure the results of nursing attention. provided they do so utilizing engineering. In an environment of limit figure of nurses. engineering can assist run into the enquire to release nursing attention and increase the efficiency of those nurses. When a patient leaves the infirmary. the patient is responsible for his or her ain wellness attention at place. Telehealth run can do it more efficient to pull off on-going attention and better patient safety. Telehealth nursing is used when there is a demand to present nursing attention remotely and better efficiency and launching to healthc atomic number 18.Telehealth offers healthcargon suppliers with an chance to function masses who are in poor wellness. live in distant countries and do non hold equal memory access to wellness attention. One of the major benefits of telehealth is that it promotes safety in health care. Patients are being discharged from the infirmary earlier than of all time before. with legion medicines and frequently missing the comprehension they need to care for their status adequately. Telehealth allows these patients to harvest-time place. which saves money. but allows them to be supported by a professional until they are good or are pull kill their status with assurance. Telehealth provides a safety cyberspace for patients who may be fighting with pull offing their status at place. forestalling complications that could ensue in being hospitalized erstwhile more. There is a demand for criterions and guidelines to back up telehealth nursing pattern and to cut down liability hazard for nurses.Practice criterions and guidelines are evidence-based. and many people are involved in the development and distribution of nursing telehealth pattern criterions. Input signal from a broad array of experts is solicited in developing the criterions and guidelines. in order to guarantee equal consideration of technological. medical. nursing. legal. and honourable issues. ( Hutcherson. 2001 ) To guarantee safe and high timbre telehealth nursing pattern. proficient demands for hiding and security of personal wellness informations should adhere to local and national Torahs regulate the storage and transmittal of personal wellness information. The hereafter of telehealth is assuring. but it may non work for turn toing the chronic attention load of every patient.Telehealth is a agency of heightening an organizations ability to supply quality attention in patients places and detain the demand for expensive infirmary admittances or traditional nursing place attention. Besides cost nest eggs and bridging healthcare entree barriers in rural countries. telehealth provides the chance to derive big medical penetrations by analysing uninterrupted wellness informations for a patient still through distant monitoring. combined with other informations beginnings. Telehealth services extend the accomplishments and cognition that nurses use every twenty-four hours. It is besides one of the most promising and practical solutions. available non merely to turn to an inevitable nursing crisis. but besides to convey modern twenty-four hours healthcare to more people and salvage more lives.MentionsHutcherson. MS. RN. C. M. ( 2001 ) . Legal considerations for nurses practising in a telehealth scene. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www. nursingworld. org/Main MenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume62001/No3Sept01/LegalConsiderations. html What is telehealth? ( n. d. ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www. hrsa. gov/healthit/toolbox/RuralHealthITtoolbox/Telehealth/whatistelehealth. hypertext markup language

Alternative Fuel Vehicles Feasibility Study Essay

As a leader in the selecting vehicle industry for the past 30 yrs, ABC renting Cars has continually remained a step ahead of its competition. To continue to set the pace for few opposite lease agencies to follow, and to ensure ABC Rental Cars dominant position in the marketplace, resource discharge vehicles (AFV), or more specifically, crisscross vehicles, should be evaluated as to the feasibility and consumer interest of introducing these causas of vehicles into our fleet. Currently, t revealoline scathes ar at an all-time high.The united States dependency on foreign oil is too at an qualifyinging high aim, and with the ever-shifting Middle Eastern political climate teetering at quicksilver(a) levels, interbreeding vehicles are an important avenue to be considered. While crisscross auto gross sales currently lag behind sales of established vehicles, J. D. Power & Associates, a market query firm, estimates that crisscross vehicle sales will increase t o half a million by the year 2006. In addition, nearly 20 parvenue models of interbreeding cars, SUVs, and trucks will be rolled out to consumers in the next few years (Mossy automotive Group, 2004).ABC Rentals pile reap the rewards of providing these vehicles to its consumers, provided the salute associated with this design is mutually dependable to both parties. Initially, the types of burns that are unattached need to be researched to determine the viability of introducing hybrid vehicles into our fleet. While there are several options of substitute fires available, near are non practical. The raises analyzed included natural gas, biodiesel, galvanisingity, ethanol, Fischer Tropsch, liquefied natural gas, methanol, and propane.Ultimately, the research concluded that the only practical, economical, and accessible raise currently available is electricity, when apply in the hybrid concept. There are many vehicles that use electricity. The closely popular concept is used in hybrid vehicles. These vehicles see an electric motor, with a separate gasoline motor. One of the benefits is give notice economy. match to an EPA report, hybrids depose more than double the gas gas mileage of conventional gasoline or diesel- provide cars. Also, this use of energy reduces emissions because gasoline consumption is reduced.Next, the gasoline motor charges the bombardment as the car is running, nullifying the need for recharging stations. Ultimately, the most practical fuel that tidy sum be considered at this time is electricity combined with gasoline, which is used in hybrid vehicles. (EPA, 2003) As a means to adjudicate consumer interest in these types of vehicles, we also mandatory to research our competitors to distinguish if hybrid vehicles would be a practical addition to our fleet. Currently, EV Rental Cars is the only company in the United States to rent hybrid cars to the public.At this time, there are a total of octette locations with hybri d vehicles four locations in California Los Angeles, Burbank, Ontario and San Diego, whiz location in Phoenix, Arizona, two locations in Virginia Dulles and Arlington, and one in Washington D. C. With all of the locations above in mind, EV Rental Cars has magnanimous in fleet size to more than 400 cars throughout the eight different locations (www. evterm of a contract. com, 2001). One of the vehicles available to rent at EV Rentals is the Toyota Prius, which is a full size family sedan.This vehicle rents for $49. 99 per day, or $299. 94 per week, and EV Rentals offers 150 free miles per day and . 25/mile thereafter (www. evrental. com, 2001). The Prius achieves 60 mpg in the city and 51 mpg on the highway (autos. yahoo. com, 2004). Comparatively, Honda has introduced the Honda Insight, which in the rental vehicle industry is considered to be a standard size car, and the Honda polite hybrid, which is considered to be a compact car.These two cars are offered by EV Rentals at a sim ilar wrong to the Toyota Prius (www. evrental.com, 2001). The Honda Insight achieves an EPA highway mileage of 66 mpg and 60 mpg in the city, while the Honda Civic hybrid foundation travel 650 miles with a full tank of gas (www. honda. com, 2004). As indicated above, these leash cars are not only great when it comes to mileage, but another prefer they enjoy is that they are also environmentally friendly. For example, the Prius produces 90 percent slight harmful emissions than a traditionalistic car (www. ineed2know. org, 2004), which is important to those individuals that are relate near the environment.Even President Bush seemed to agree that secondary fuel vehicles needed to be further check up ond when he endorsed the concept of alternative fuel vehicles and allocated more than a billion dollars toward the transition to hydrogen fuels (www. evrental. com, 2001). On the other hand, these types of cars are not a practical investment if live and availableness are issues. Not only is the price higher, but due to trammel interest in hybrids by consumers at this time, there is only a small geographic area where hybrids are being rented. or so locations are situated in California, Arizona, and Washington therefore, if ABC Rental Cars is looking for a hot rental opportunity that could expand quickly, hybrid vehicles may not be the ideal choice. Initial startup cost and maintenance costs are also important detailors to consider. The price of a hybrid go is higher than that of a comparable gasoline engine powered automobile. According to the Website ineed2know. org, a consumer bay window expect to pay from $3,500 to $6,000 more for a hybrid vehicle. The money a consumer saves in buy a hybrid depends greatly on the cost of gasoline.For example, if gas is priced at $1. 80 per gallon, it might perplex the average driver between 10 and 15 years to shamble up a $3,500 increase in the initial price. The higher the gas prices go, the less time it will c ommand to recoup the higher price of purchasing a hybrid (ineed2know. org, 2004). However, statistics detailing the measuring stick of time needed to recoup initial investment costs for barteres were not available at this time. Batteries for hybrid vehicles cost considerably more than conventional car batteries. crown of thorns batteries sport a price tag of $1,000 $2,000, more than 10 ? 20 times that of a gasoline powered vehicle (ineed2know.org, 2004).While most hybrid batteries are covered under the vehicle stock warrant, once the warranty expires it will be the owners responsibility to cover the cost of a new battery. Below are some specific price examples of hybrids that are currently on the market The Toyota Prius has a suggested sell price of $21, 708, which is comparable to the Corolla that retails at $15, 580. The hybrid Honda Civic cost $20, 650. Thats or so $2,300 more than the Honda Civic with a gasoline powered engine. (Phelan, 2004) Eartheasy. com lists the Hond a Insight with a base retail price of $19,080 to $21,280.(2004) The Pontiac Website (2004) lists the comparable Vibe at $17, 165. The interbreeding Website (2004) boasts the hybrid 2005 crossbreeding Escape, available in August 2004, which will have a retail price of $26,970 for the front-wheel drive SUV. The four-wheel drive hybrid SUV will retail at $28,595. Comparable Ford Escapes with gasoline powered engines retail for $19,995 and $21, 605 respectively.Renewable energy has become the focus of many markets in todays society. From solar panels to hybrid vehicles, Americans are arouse in purchasing these types of technologies, but need financial help from the governing in the form of levy credits and rebates. crossbreed vehicles are costly to manufacture, and automakers pass on this higher cost to consumers in the form of higher retail prices of the vehicle.To help offset these higher prices, automakers are encouraging the federal government to provide tax credits to those consumers who purchase hybrid vehicles. The reason for this clit is there is currently no alternative technology planned for the future. In a speech given to the Automotive News World Congress, Ford Motor Companys CEO William Ford stated Hybrid vehicles are a very good bridge between todays technology and fuel cells.Fuel cells ? as promising as they are ? come with a tremendous infrastructure challenge. We do not have hydrogen on every corner like we do gasoline, and we also have storage issues. With hybrids, we do not have to patch up anything ? we know they work. (Kiley, 2004) To date, there are two types of tax credits available to those who purchase alternative fuel vehicles ? If you purchase a current type of electric vehicle, you may be entitled to a tax credit. ?If a vehicle qualifies as a clean-fuel vehicle, you may be entitled to a deduction from gross income.Currently, any clean-fuel vehicles that are manufactured after June 30, 1993 and to begin with January 1, 2007, qualifies the owner for a deduction off of their gross income for a draw of the cost of the vehicle. Examples of these vehicles are natural gas, hydrogen and any fuel that is tranquil of at least 85% ethanol, alcohol or ether. Electric vehicles gather up a 10% tax credit, based on the purchase price. The supreme dollar sum up cannot exceed $4,000. These credits will be phased out gradually ? 25, 50 and 75 percent in 2004, 2005, and 2006 respectively, until it is phased out tout ensemble in 2007 (www. taxguide. completeax. com, 2004).These tax credits are targeted to the individual consumer, and not for rental vehicles. With the price of gasoline currently hovering around $2. 20 per gallon, the hybrid vehicle appears to be an attractive alternative. However, without a tax credit geared towards the business market, it is not a feasible option. Unfortunately, even with a tax credit, it would take years for the population to change their driving habits. To summarize, marketing al ternative fuel vehicles to the consumer can be challenging, and most consumers are not aware of the types or manufacturers of these vehicles.If people are knowledgeable at all about alternative fuel environmental friendly vehicles, they may not be certain of where they can purchase or rent one of them. Purchasing an environmentally friendly vehicle is getting easier to do, with more car manufacturers jumping on the bandwagon. Honda and Toyota have led the way with hybrid vehicles, and Ford has also been in the market with its Ford Crown Victoria natural gas vehicles, with approaching plans to debut their 2005 Ford Escape hybrid in August 2004. Pontiac is also throwing their hat into the ring with their new hybrid vehicle, the Vibe.Most consumers that are in the market for alternative fuel vehicles are looking at the new hybrids, which use both a combination of electricity and gasoline and can achieve 50 to 60 miles per gallon. The batteries on these vehicles automatically recharge t hemselves wherefore the vehicles never are required to be plugged in. Renting an alternative fuel vehicle can be more challenging than purchasing one, since at this time there is only one viable rental agency EV Rental Cars, who has partnered with Budget Rent a Car, a major player in the rental car industry.If a mortal lives in, or is visiting California, Arizona or Washington D. C. , they can rent one of these vehicles at one of the major airports. The cost is $10 to $20 dollars more per day than renting regular gasoline powered vehicles. Most can be rented or reserved on the Internet, but some alternative fuel vehicles cannot. Consumers must request these in person at rental locations. There are a small amount of benefits for the consumer. For example, drivers can travel in the carpool lane even if they are driving wholly in California, Arizona, Virginia and Georgia, thereby saving time.Additionally, when returning traditional rental vehicles, a renter is usually required to re turn the vehicle with the same amount of gas as was in the vehicle when first rented. Conversely, alternative fuel vehicles can be returned empty, incurring no extra surcharge. As removed as refueling these vehicles, charging electric vehicles is free at the rental car recharging stations. Also, hybrid vehicles are more economical because they get more than 60 miles per gallon.Looking at the limited benefits, the overall cost and lack of public toilet of purchasing or renting one of these alternative fuel vehicles, and the fact that there is limited availability, does not make it very appealing to the consumer. To investigate a hybrid vehicle consumers point of view concerning these types of vehicles, we conducted an question with Dr. Mark Looper, a hybrid car enthusiast who operates the website altfuels. org. Dr. Looper holds an MS and PhD in physics from the California Institute of Technology, and an AB in physics from Princeton University.He has owned alternative fuel vehicles since 1993, and rents hybrid vehicles from the local EV Rental agency in his area. His website offers reviews of these rental vehicles, as well as real-life experiences of Dr. Loopers travels utilizing alternative fuel vehicles. Dr. Loopers primary coil reason for renting AFVs is to provide information about alternative vehicles to the general public in the form of his reviews, as well as to promote and gain support for these vehicles with his friends, colleagues, and anyone interested enough to learn about alternatives to gasoline powered vehicles.While Dr. Loopers rental charges exceeded the cost of gasoline powered vehicles, he stressed that cost was not a great deal of a factor in his decision. Instead, Dr. Looper was far more interested in providing useful information to the visitors of his website. One of the questions asked of Dr. Looper was his comfort level while renting AFVs. Specifically, did he feel nervous that alternative fuel may not be available, or that the vehicl e would not shroud as well as a traditional vehicle, two concerns of traditional vehicle owners.His reply was that while he was initially nervous when he decided to drive the vehicle across the country, he has never mat nervous while driving in his area. Fuel was always available, as were charging sources. Dr. Looper has stated that he would continue to rent alternative fuel vehicles, to not only promote AFVs by enhancing market aim and visibility, but to also provide important feedback to consumers considering purchasing or renting these vehicles. Dr. Looper also feels very strongly about environmental issues, and considers this when do a decision of which vehicle to rent.If an alternative fuel vehicle is available, he will always choose this path, as opposed to the traditional vehicle. In conclusion, our research reveals that ABC Rental Cars should not consider introducing alternative fuel vehicles into its fleet at this time. The initial investment costs are frequently highe r than those of traditional gasoline powered vehicles, and costs associated with the upkeep of these vehicles are also prohibitive. In addition, while tax breaks are available to consumers purchasing hybrid vehicles, our studies failed to reveal any tax savings for businesses purchasing, or renting hybrid vehicles.Furthermore, Dr. Loopers enthusiasm and knowledge notwithstanding, the demand for hybrid vehicles is not currently at a level that would justify the amount of capital necessary to launch this program. However, ABC Rental Cars should continue to supervise developments in the hybrid vehicle industry, as well as gauge consumer interest in these vehicles, and be prepared to move forward with this program should it become economically feasible in the future.References Eartheasy. com (2000 2004) The new hybrid cars. Retrieved June 19, 2004 from http//www.eartheasy. com/live_hybrid_cars environmental Protection Agency, (March 2003). Clean Alternative Fuels Electric Vehicles. Re trieved, June 18, 2004 from http//www. epa. gov/otaq/consumer/fuels/altfuels/altfuels. htmfact EV Rental Cars (2002) Website.Retrieved June 19, 2004 from http//www. evrental. com/index. html Fordvehicles. com (2004) Escape Hybrid. Retrieved June 19, 2004 from http//www. fordvehicles. com/escapehybrid/ habitation/index. asp? bhcp=1 Ineed2know. org (2003 2004) We Know 5 important facts about hybrid cars.Retrieved June 20, 2004 from http//www. ineed2know. org/hybrid_cars. htm Kiley, D. 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