Globlisation and forgen direct investment Essay

Globlisation and forgen direct investment - Essay Example According to Encyclopaedia Britannica globalization is the course through which the understanding of day to day life is becoming harmonized all over the globe. (King, 126) In economics, a wide description is that globalization is the union of prices, wages, products, profits and rates of interest in synchronization with developed nation norms. Globalization of the financial system depends on the position of international business, human migration, incorporation of pecuniary markets, and mobility of capital. The International Monetary Fund observes the increasing financial interdependence of countries all over the world through rising quantity and multiplicity of cross-border dealings, gratis international capital flow, and comparatively faster and extensive dissemination of technology. Theodore is more often than not attributed with globalization's initial utilization in an economic perspective. (Kar, 145) Globalization in the period from the time after World War II has been driven by improvement in technology which has declined the expenses of trade, and business arbitration rounds, initially under the sponsorship of GATT, which led to a succession of concords to do away with restrictions on gratis deals. Given that the end of World War II, after the arrival of the United Nations and the Bretton Woods institutions, there has been a sudden increase in the attainment and influence of Multinational corporations and the fast expansion of global civil society. (Border, 227-228) There are disagreements between media conglomerates, among various nations-states and speed and character of technical growth might facilitate in approaching one or another way out. While there is a measure of globalisation, its speed and direction is variably contested. The nation-state continues to keep hold of most of its authority, but it requires unfolding them and implementing them in innovative ways, if it d esires to fulfil defies of global forces and global actors. For instance in a global structure of governance the perception of sovereignty is becoming a much more expandable and absorbent one. Sovereignty requires be sharing, passing to global with local bodies. It is put into effect by states in combination with local and supranational bodies. (Fletcher, 188) This does not essentially signify that globalisation is deterioration the power of nation-states. However it does imply that this authority, in turn to be effectual, has to be transformed and reorganized. And this is to a degree already taking place. According to some, for instance, certain international institutions are in reality best implicit as a response to global forces or better as a reemphasize in a dynamic method of the authorities of nations. Thus for transformationalists the particular forms followed by globalisation are not predictable. (Lamb, 243-245) Detractors of the economic issues of globalization challenge that it is not an unalterable procedure which flows logically from the economic requirements of every person, as its supporters naturally argue. The opponents generally accentuate that globalization is a course that is arbitrated in accordance with the commercial benefits, and naturally elevate the prospect of

Online examination system Essay Example for Free

Online examination system Essay Symmetric key length, public-key key length, comparing symmetric and public-key key length, Key Management: (3 Lectures) Generating keys, transferring keys, verifying keys, using keys, updating keys, storing keys, compromised keys, lifetime of keys, destroying keys, public key management, Algorithm Types and Modes: (10 Lecture) Electronic codebook mode, block replay, cipher block chaining mode, stream ciphers, cipher-feedback mode, output feedback mode, choosing a cipher mode, block ciphers vs. tream ciphers, Choosing an Algorithm, Choosing an algorithm, public-key vs. symmetric cryptography, encrypting communication channels, encrypting data for storage, Security Models, Windows, Linux, Web, Cookies, Biometrics (gummy fingers), Tempest, Viruses, Firewalls, System/Comprehensive Security Analysis Text Book/s – Stallings, W and Brown, L. , Computer Security: principles and practice, 2nd edition, 2011 Reference Material – – William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, 4th Edition, 2005, ISBN-13: 978-0131873162 Kaufman, Perlman, Speciner, Network Security: Private Communication in a Public World, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002, ISBN-13: 978-0130460196 – Other books will be used in the course if necessary. Department Of Computer Science Information Technology, HIC Jauharabad Campus Instructional Aids/Resources Assessment Criteria Class Assessment 35% Quizzes and Test 15 Assignment and Presentations 10 Attendance and Class Participations 5 Assignments + Quizzes Mid 25% If Required: Final 40% If Required: Total 100%.

Frederick Douglass :: essays research papers

Frederick Douglass once said, "there can be no freedom without education." I believe this statement is true. During slavery, slaves were kept illiterate so they would not rebel and become free. Many slaves were stripped from their families at an early age so they would have no sense of compassion towards family members. Some slaves escaped the brutal and harsh life of slavery, most who were uneducated. But can there be any real freedom without education? Freedom is something many slaves never had the opportunity to witness. They were simply uneducated, illiterate machines who did whatever they were told. But few fortunate slaves were given the gift to be educated by someone. One of these fortunate persons was named Frederick Douglass. Douglass was born a slave. He never had the chance of knowing his mother. As mentioned before, slaves were stripped from their families, leaving them no sense of compassion. In the book, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass says, "Never having enjoyed, to any considerable extent, her soothing presence, her tender and watchful care, I received the tidings of her death with much of the same emotions I should have probably felt at the death of a stranger."(2) Douglass secretly met with his mother about 4 times during his whole life. He said he never really got to know her being he was only a child and the never had much of a conversation. These sorts of incidents happene d to slaves throughout America and permanently scarred most slaves and their families. Slave owners not only broke slave families up, but they also tried to keep all the slaves illiterate. In the book slave owners thought, "A nigger should know nothing but to obey his master-to do as he is told to do. Learning would spoil the best nigger in the world. If you teach a slave how to read, they would become unmangeable and have no value to his master." Masters thought that if a slave became literate then they would rebel and get other slaves to follow them. Also masters lied to slaves saying learning would do them no good, only harm them. They tried using that reverse psychology to make it seem like what they were doing was right.

Informative Speech On Nutrition Essay

Public Speaking 230 Informative I. College students are not eating the proper foods or the recommended daily allowances even though they believe they are eating healthy. A. Illustration Suzanne- Started nibbling on potato chips between meals and late at night. – To keep up with studies, she cut back on swimming. – She would prepare her self by eating what she thought was healthy, granola bar or a frozen yogurt. – Larger breakfast- orange juice, bacon, sausage, eggs, hash browns, toast with butter and jam, and black coffee instead of fruit juice, cereal, and skin milk she had always ate at home. – By dinnertime she was starved, she loved fried chicken and a helping or two from the salad bar alternative to french fries. Eric- – Found himself in a similar pattern. – Putting a lot of time into keeping up with his course work – Spending less time than before on sports and bike riding – Eating fast-food restaurants, – Skipping meals from time to time. – Eating candy bars for lunch several times a week Before the semester was over, Eric’s friends started teasing him about the spare tire around his waist, and Suzanne was having trouble zipping up her clothes that fit her perfectly a couple of months earlier. B. The (your college) survey shows students aren’t eating a balanced nutrition; with little time and effort it is possible for students to know and understand their daily allowances. 1. Survey of (your college) Students nutrition 2. History of Nutrition 3.  Food Guide Pyramid C. How many of you feel you are in the same situations as Suzanne or Eric? Whatever the circumstances, many (your college) students are eating wrong and will soon be affected by it. II. A random survey of fifty Cumberland College students reveals that the eating habits of students are often not similar to good nutrition. A Although many students fell like they are eating three meals a day the survey shows many are going without breakfast and picking up an extra meal somewhere else. B. High percentages show that students are not getting enough servings of fruits and vegetables. C. High percentage of student never takes a multiple Vitamin and never eats healthy snacks. III. A brief history of Nutrition and students excessive consumption of fat. A. The first dietary â€Å"standards† were formulated in the US in 1940. During WWII, a food and Nutrition Board was established as a part of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences (Arlin, M.C. The Science of Nutrition). The objective was to provide standards to serve as a goal for good nutrition. Recommended allowances for nutrients are amounts intended to be consumed as part of a normal diet. B. US Department of Health and Human Services stated in The National Adolescent Student Health Survey that most students know that excessive consumption of fat, sugar, and salt increases one’s risk for specific health problems, and most student cannot choose between common foods on the basis of their fat, sugar salt, or fiber content. IV. The key to good nutrition is a varied diet that includes every kind of nutrient. The Food Guide Pyramid calls for limited daily servings of fats, dairy products, oil and sweets: more servings of fruits and vegetables; and  even greater potions of bread, cereals and pastas. A. Meat, Poultry, Fish Group- 2 servings B. Fruit and Vegetable Group- 5 to 6 servings C. Bread Group- At least 4 servings D. Dairy Group- 3 servings should be included in a daily diet. V. Despite the continual changes in food products, one-factor remains constant- food is the only source of nutrition we have, regardless of how, when and where it is prepared. We can’t always dictate how food reaches us, but we can be nutritionally knowledgeable. We can learn to meet our nutritional need in the reality of today’s eating patterns.

Cost Accounting 14th Edition Problem 15-35

COST ACCOUNTING P 15-35 Required: 1. Using selling prices, allocate the $1,000 gateway-package revenue to the three divisions using: a. The stand-alone revenue-allocation method | Selling Price| Rev. Allocation| Precio por cuarto para dos personas 2 noches| $800| $581. 82| Dos â€Å"rounds† de golf con precio de | 375| 272. 73| Una cena para dos| 200| 145. 45| | $1,375| $1,000| b. The incremental revenue-allocation method | Selling Price| Rev. Allocation| Dos â€Å"rounds† de golf con precio de | $375| $375| Precio por cuarto para dos personas 2 noches| 800| 625| Una cena para dos| 200| 0| $1,375| $1,000| 2. What are the pros and cons of the two methods in requirement 1? Pros sobre el â€Å"stand alone†: 1. Cada elemento en el â€Å"bundle† recibe una porcion del ingreso. 2. Es un metodo simple para implementar. Contras sobre el â€Å"stand-alone† 1. Este metodo puede ignorar la importancia que le da el cliente a cada elemento del â€Å"bundle†. Por ejemplo, algunos clientes pueden estar interesados en el golf y no en la cena y viceversa. Pros sobre el metodo incremental: 1. Una vez se determina que secuencia utilizar para asignar, la implementacion es automatica.Contras sobre el metodo incremental: 1. Algunos productos no van a recibir asignacion de ingresos. Aun cuando se incurran los costos, no recibe asignacion de ingresos. 3. Because the recreation division is able to book the golf course at 100% capacity, the company CEO has decided to revise the Gateway package to only include the lodging and food offerings shown previously. The new package will sell for $900. Allocate the revenue to the lodging and food divisions using the following: 1. The Shapely value method.Incremental-Revenue Allocation Method|   | Weighted Shapely Value| Primary Product 1st| Unit SP| Allocation| W| Lodging| Food| Lodging|   |   | $800 | $800 | 1| $800 |   | Food|   |   |   | 200 | 100 | 1|   | $100 | | | | | | $1,000 | $900 | |   |   | | | | | | | | |   |   | Primary Product 1st| Unit SP| Allocation| |   |   | Food|   |   |   | $200 | $200 | 1|   | 200 | Lodging|   |   | 800 | 700 | 1| 700 |   | | | | | | $1,000 | $900 | |   |   | | | | | | | | | $750 | $150 | | | | | | | | | | | 2. The weighted Shapely value method, assuming that lodging is three times as likely to sell as the food.Incremental-Revenue Allocation Method|   | Weighted Shapely Value| Primary Product 1st (1)| Unit SP| Allocation| W| Lodging| Food| Lodging|   |   | $800 | $800 | 3| $2,400 |   | Food|   |   |   | 200 | 100 | 3|   | $300 | | | | | | $1,000 | $900 | |   |   | | | | | | | | |   |   | Primary Product 1st (2)| Unit SP| Allocation| |   |   | Food|   |   |   | $200 | $200 | 1|   | 200 | Lodging|   |   | 800 | 700 | 1| 700 |   | | | | | | $1,000 | $900 | |   |   | | | | | | | | | $775 | $125 | | | | | | | | | (1) Lo mas probable sucedera 3 de 4 veces. (2) Lo mas probable sucedera 1 de 4 veces.

Free Essays on Amanda

I spent one night at Mass General, sleeping with an oxygen mask to pump my lung back up. The doctors sent me home the next morning with a sore back and no sleep This collapsed lung was just a singular event, a one-hit wonder. Wrong. In October, my lung collapsed again. This time I spent two nights with the oxygen mask. This time when I left I was scheduled for surgery a week later. The day of the surgery I saw Mrs. Penn behind the desk, but she didn’ t wave. I realized that with my oxygen mask I was about as recognizable as the face behind Darth Vader’ s mask. Though I knew I was in good hands, my main feeling as a patient was helplessness. Nonetheless, I experienced one small triumph near the end of my stay. On the way to the CT scan, my wheelchair attendant had no clue where we were going. Not only did I know the way, I knew a shortcut. The attendant was impressed. For a moment, I was not a patient, but again part of the invisible fraternity of hospital workers. High school is a strange time. After three years of trying to develop identity and friends in middle school, students are expected to mature immediately on the first day of ninth grade, but I never did this. I never fully realized in the earlier grades how important high school success, as measured by GPA, would be to my future life, and as a result I am applying to college with seemingly contradictory measures of my ability to perform college-level work. If I had worked and studied hard rather than hanging out with friends and viewing high school as an opportunity to socialize, I would not have to apply to school with a 1300 SAT and a 2.7 GPA. Had I taken my grades in my earlier years seriously, I could have been a college's dream candidate. This year I have made an earnest effort to improve my work ethic. My grade point average is rising and my study habits are improving. However, after performing poorly for three years, my GPA cannot reflect the transformation I... Free Essays on Amanda Free Essays on Amanda I spent one night at Mass General, sleeping with an oxygen mask to pump my lung back up. The doctors sent me home the next morning with a sore back and no sleep This collapsed lung was just a singular event, a one-hit wonder. Wrong. In October, my lung collapsed again. This time I spent two nights with the oxygen mask. This time when I left I was scheduled for surgery a week later. The day of the surgery I saw Mrs. Penn behind the desk, but she didn’ t wave. I realized that with my oxygen mask I was about as recognizable as the face behind Darth Vader’ s mask. Though I knew I was in good hands, my main feeling as a patient was helplessness. Nonetheless, I experienced one small triumph near the end of my stay. On the way to the CT scan, my wheelchair attendant had no clue where we were going. Not only did I know the way, I knew a shortcut. The attendant was impressed. For a moment, I was not a patient, but again part of the invisible fraternity of hospital workers. High school is a strange time. After three years of trying to develop identity and friends in middle school, students are expected to mature immediately on the first day of ninth grade, but I never did this. I never fully realized in the earlier grades how important high school success, as measured by GPA, would be to my future life, and as a result I am applying to college with seemingly contradictory measures of my ability to perform college-level work. If I had worked and studied hard rather than hanging out with friends and viewing high school as an opportunity to socialize, I would not have to apply to school with a 1300 SAT and a 2.7 GPA. Had I taken my grades in my earlier years seriously, I could have been a college's dream candidate. This year I have made an earnest effort to improve my work ethic. My grade point average is rising and my study habits are improving. However, after performing poorly for three years, my GPA cannot reflect the transformation I...

5 Tips for LGBTQ Students How to be Gay at College

5 Tips for LGBTQ Students How to be Gay at College 5 Tips for LGBTQ Students: How to be Gay at College The focus of the International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia (May 17) this year is â€Å"mental health and wellbeing.† This is particularly relevant to students, as college is a place of self-discovery, and somewhere many LGBTQ people choose to come out or experiment with their identity. Photo: William Murphy As such, we’ve got a few tips for making your college experience a happy one, as there’s no reason you shouldn’t enjoy your education just because you’ve rejected the norms of heteronormativity. 1. Research Different Colleges If you’re thinking of applying to college but want to study somewhere that welcomes LGBTQ students, it pays to do a little research beforehand. One way to do this is to ask current students about their experiences, but there are plenty of online resources if you’re not sure who to ask. 2. Look for Funding College can be expensive, so any financial help is usually welcome. What you might not know is that there are scholarships available specifically for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender students. 3. Meeting New People Making new friends is part of the college experience for any student. But when you’re LGBQT, or simply want to explore that side of your personality, you might be particularly keen to meet like-minded people. A good option is to join an LGBTQ advocacy group. Most colleges these days will have at least one LGBTQ group on campus, often affiliated with national organizations like the Gay-Straight Alliance. Likewise, look out for LGBTQ events at your college. Photo: Wikimedia Alternatively, you could venture off campus to find any LGBTQ community centers in your local area. It also helps to research gay-friendly businesses, such as bars, cafes and shops. 4. Get Online Of course, if you don’t have any luck meeting people in meatspace, you always have the World Wide Web as a backup source of awkward first dates (a characteristic feature of any college romance, straight or gay). More seriously, the internet is also a great resource for advice on LGBTQ issues, as well as message boards and forums where you can ask for guidance on just about any topic imaginable. 5. Try Not to Worry†¦ It’s natural to feel a little freaked out when you first go away to college, especially if you’re not sure how other people in your dorm will react when they find out you’re LGBTQ. The first thing to remember here is that you’re under no pressure to reveal anything about your sexuality to other people if you don’t want to. It is entirely your decision when and with whom to discuss your personal life, so move at a pace with which you’re comfortable. The second thing is to realize that most people will support you when they do find out – or simply won’t care! Your friends should always accept you for who you are.

Populism - Definition in American Politics

Populism - Definition in American Politics President  Donald Trump was repeatedly described as a populist during the 2016 presidential race. Trump styled himself as a populist during his flamboyantly provocative campaign, The New York Times wrote, claiming to hear, understand and channel the working-class Americans so wrongly ignored by other leaders. Asked Politico:  Is  Donald Trump the Perfect Populist, one with broader appeal to the right and the center than his predecessors in recent American political history? The Christian Science Monitor opined that Trumps unique populism promises a change in governance perhaps equal to parts of the New Deal or the early years of the Reagan revolution. But what, exactly, is populism? And what does it mean to be a populist? There are many definitions. Definition of Populism Populism is generally defined as a way of speaking and campaigning on behalf of the needs of the people or the little man as opposed to the well-to-do elite. Populist rhetoric frames issues such as the economy, for example, as the  angry, aggrieved and neglected struggling to overcome a corrupt oppressor, whoever that oppressor may be. George Packer, a veteran political journalist for The New Yorker, described populism as a stance and a rhetoric more than an ideology or a set of positions. It speaks of a battle of good against evil, demanding simple answers to difficult problems.   History of Populism Populism has its roots in the grassroots formation of the Peoples and Populist parties in the late 1800s. The Peoples Party was founded in Kansas in 1890 amid depression and a widespread belief among farmers and laborers that the government was dominated by large money interests, the political historian William Safire wrote. A national party with similar interests, the Populist Party, was founded a year later, in 1891. The national party fought for public ownership of railroads, the telephone system, and an income tax that would demand more from wealthier Americans. The latter idea is a common populist idea used in modern elections. It is similar to the Buffett Rule, which would raise taxes on the wealthiest Americans. The Populist Party died in 1908 but many of its ideals linger on today. The national partys platform read, in part: We meet in the midst of a nation brought to the verge of moral, political, and material ruin. Corruption dominates the ballot-box, the Legislatures, the Congress, and touches even the ermine of the bench. The people are demoralized; most of the States have been compelled to isolate the voters at the polling places to prevent universal intimidation and bribery. The newspapers are largely subsidized or muzzled, public opinion silenced, business prostrated, homes covered with mortgages, labor impoverished, and the land concentrating in the hands of capitalists. The urban workmen are denied the right to organize for self-protection, imported pauperized labor beats down their wages, a hireling standing army, unrecognized by our laws, is established to shoot them down, and they are rapidly degenerating into European conditions. The fruits of the toil of millions are boldly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for a few, unprecedented in the history of mankind; and the possessors of those, in turn, despise the republic and endanger liberty. From the same prolific womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classes- tramps and millionaires. Populist Ideas Modern populism typically is sympathetic to the struggles of white, middle-class Americans and portrays Wall Street bankers, undocumented workers, and U.S. trade partners including China as evil.  Populist ideas including heavily taxing the wealthiest Americans, tightening security along the U.S. border with Mexico, raising the minimum wage, expanding Social Security and imposing stiff tariffs on trade with other countries in an attempt to keep American jobs from going overseas.   Populist Politicians The first real populist presidential candidate was the Populist Partys nominee for president in the 1892 election. The nominee, General James B. Weaver, won 22 electoral votes and more than 1 million actual votes. In modern times, Weavers campaign would have been considered a great success; independents typically garner only a small share of the vote. William Jennings Bryan is perhaps the most famous populist in American history. The Wall Street Journal once described Bryan as the Trump before Trump. His speech at the Democratic National Convention in 1896, which  was said to have roused the crowd to a frenzy, aimed to advance the interests of small Midwestern farmers who felt they were being taken advantage of by the banks. Bryan wanted to move to a bimetallic gold-silver standard.   Huey Long, who served as the governor of Louisiana and a U.S. senator, was also considered a populist. He railed against wealthy plutocrats and their bloated fortunes and proposed to impose steep taxes on the richest Americans and distribute the revenue to the poor still suffering from the effects of the Great Depression. Long, who had presidential aspirations, wanted to set a minimum annual income of $2,500. Robert M. La Follette Sr. was a congressman and governor of Wisconsin who took on corrupt politicians and big business, which he believed had a dangerously oversized influence on matters of public interest.   Thomas E. Watson of Georgia was an early populist and the partys vice presidential hopeful  in 1896. Watson had won a seat in Congress by supporting the reclamation of large tracts of land granted to corporations, abolishing national banks, eliminating paper money, and cutting taxes on low-income citizens, according to the New Georgia Encyclopedia.  He was  also  a southern demagogue and bigot, according to the Encyclopedia.  Watson wrote of the threat of immigrants to  America: The scum of creation has been dumped on us. Some of our principal cities are more foreign than American. The most dangerous and corrupting hordes of the Old World have invaded us. The vice and crime which they have planted in our midst are sickening and terrifying. What brought these Goths and Vandals to our shores? The manufacturers are mainly to blame. They wanted cheap labor: and they didn’t care a curse how much harm to our future might be the consequence of their heartless policy. Trump routinely inveighed against the establishment in his successful presidential campaign. He regularly promised to drain the swamp in Washington, D.C., an unflattering portrayal of the Capitol as a corrupt playground for plutocrats, special interests, lobbyists and fat, out-of-touch lawmakers. Decades of failure in Washington, and decades of special interest  dealing must come to an end. We have to break the cycle of corruption, and we have to give new voices a chance to go into government service, Trump stated.   The independent presidential candidate Ross Perot was similar in style and rhetoric to Trump. Perot fared well by building his campaign on voter resentment of the establishment, or the political elite, in 1992. He won a  startling 19 percent of the popular vote that year. Donald Trump and Populism So is Donald Trump a populist? He certainly used populist expressions during his campaign, portraying his supporters as American workers who have not seen their financial status improve since the end of the Great Recession and those neglected by the political and societal elite. Trump, and for that matter Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, spoke to a class of blue-collar, struggling middle-class voters who believe the economy was rigged. Michael Kazin, the author of  The Populist Persuasion, told Slate in 2016: Trump expresses one aspect of populism, which is anger at the establishment and various elites. He believes Americans have been betrayed by those elites. But the other side of populism is a sense of a moral people, people who’ve been betrayed for some reason and have a distinct identity, whether they are workers, farmers, or taxpayers. Whereas with Trump, I don’t really get much of a sense of who the people are. Of course journalists say he’s talking mostly to white working-class people, but he doesn’t say that. Wrote Politico: Trump’s platform combines positions that are shared by many populists but are anathema to movement conservatives- a defense of Social Security, a guarantee of universal health care, economic nationalist trade policies. President Barack Obama, who Trump succeeded in the White House, took issue with labeling Trump a populist, however. Said Obama: â€Å"Somebody else who has never shown any regard for workers, has never fought on behalf of social justice issues or making sure that poor kids are getting a decent shot at life or have health care - in fact, have worked against economic opportunity for workers and ordinary people, they don’t suddenly become a populist because they say something controversial in order to win votes. Indeed, some of Trumps critics accused him of phony populism, of using populist rhetoric during the campaign but of wanting to abandon his populist platform once in office. Analyses of Trumps tax proposals found that the biggest benefactors would be the wealthiest Americans. Trump, after winning the election, also recruited fellow billionaires and lobbyists to play roles in his White House. He also walked back some of his fiery campaign rhetoric on cracking down on Wall Street and rounding up and deporting immigrants who are living in the United States illegally.

Marketing strategies to attract buyers in times of financial crisis Essay

Marketing strategies to attract buyers in times of financial crisis - Essay Example The aim of this paper is to find out how companies in different parts of the world have responded to the global financial crisis in terms of changing their marketing strategies to address the changed needs and preferences of the customers during the financial crisis. Questions that are answered in this paper include; what are the patterns of change in the needs and preferences of the customers during the financial crisis? What are the principles of successful marketing during the times of financial crisis? What should be the companies’ focus during financial crisis to sustain their business and profitability despite the economic pressure? A lot of research has been recently made to study the effects of the recent global financial crisis on the companies as well as the consumers. During any financial crisis, consumers generally become worried about their future psychologically whether or not they have experienced the physical effects of the financial crisis in terms of lack or insufficiency of money themselves. This causes the consumers to become very much concerned about proper use of their money. The preferences of consumers change from luxuries to basic necessities, and they become very critical about the quality of products they purchase. This has many implications on the companies because they need to redesign their marketing strategies to address the changed needs and preferences of the consumers. Findings of this research and the topic of this term paper is of huge significance to the companies that are doing business in the contemporary age when the economy is recovering from the effects of the recent global financial crisis. Also, companies can benefit from these findings in the future during any possible financial crisis. Answers to the aforementioned questions have been found from a review of literature based on the findings of latest researches made to study the effect of the recent global financial crisis on the consumers’ behavior and the market strategies of the companies. 2. Current Research on the Topic 2.1 Effect of Financial Crisis on the Customers’ Behavior and Companies Market Strategies in Romania (Nistorescu and Puiu) conducted a qualitative study to study the way marketing strategies were adapted by the Romanian retailers to the changed buying behavior of the consumers during the global financial crisis. To accomplish this, (Nistorescu and Puiu) collected the empirical data from two companies, namely Carrefour and Real Hypermarket that belong to the Romanian retail sector. The researchers collected the primary data from the information shared on their websites, articles, as well as their annual reports. (Nistorescu and Puiu) observed the implementation of similar changes in the needs and preferences of their consumers during the crisis. Accordingly, both companies adopted similar marketing strategies during the financial crisis e.g. both used loyalty programs and in-store commercial to strengthe n their contact with their respective customers. 2.2 Effect of Financial Crisis on the Customers’ Behavior and Companies Market Strategies in Turkey (Koksal and Ozguk) conducted a quantitative research to examine the effect of financial crisis

The necklace Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The necklace - Assignment Example The entire story is a symbol of amoral materialism and pettiness among the French bourgeois of 19th century. The necklace itself is a symbol of extravagance. The story tells the struggle of Mathilde to pay back for the necklace and the ten years spend by her for a necklace that is worth nothing The story has a moral which is that one should not desire for things which one cannot afford. In this story, Mathilde comes from a poor background. She is not satisfied with what she possesses. She in greed borrows diamond necklace from Madame Forestier and loses it and had to repay her a large amount. However the necklace was fake and Mathilde loses both money and peace in life. So greediness is an evil and people should be happy with what they have. The story teaches us not to borrow things or money unnecessarily. It is also not good to live a pretentious life. If we borrow things unnecessarily we may end up in trouble. Mathilde did not have the need to borrow necklace from her friend. She did because of her greed for wealth and attention. However she ends up in trouble for nothing. In an effort to impress others she and her family end up in problem. There is also a moral that pride goes before a fall. The story does not have a happy ending. In the end, when Mathilde realizes that the diamond necklace was fake, she feels that she lost everything because of her greed. She lost her money, house, and youth in greed of a necklace which was fake. She felt as if was she was deceived by her obsession for jewelry and wealth. She had a normal life before her debt but when she desired for the necklace she was putting herself in trouble. After she loses necklace she falls in debt of paying a huge amount to her friend. In the end she is only left with shame and regret. She is ashamed of getting cheated by her friend, ego and pride. The regrets for sacrificing her life in paying debt. In the end she is left with

AIG Bailout and AIG Bailout Exit Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AIG Bailout and AIG Bailout Exit Plan - Essay Example Post the financial stress, AIG’s credit rating was downgraded and it required $14.5 billion in collateral in order to improve the credit rating. When private banks denied support, government became the sole option. For the US government, it was a hard bargain. After many rounds of meetings the government decided to lend up to $85 billion. But this threshold was later crossed and the total bailout value reached about $182 billion in different forms. This resulted in the government owning 80% of the then struggling insurer. This equity holding was in the form of equity participation notes. This loan was granted by the government for a period of 2 years. The government had negotiated on all ways to protect the taxpayers’ money. This two year loan carried an interest rate of 8.5% points plus the LIBOR rate. Apart from that it also carried collateral right on major assets of AIG. Thus, if market and the company prosper, the government will receive huge returns through its eq uity stake. If it happens otherwise, it can recoup the investment through the claim on assets and the interest on loans. The government bailout helped AIG to sell off its unprofitable business and to get restructured into a healthy operational position. Exit Plan AIG’s bailout exit plan came out in the mid of 2010.

Estimation of gravitational acceleration due to pendulim Assignment

Estimation of gravitational acceleration due to pendulim - Assignment Example The use of a simple pendulum experiment in the study of motion helps to provide valuable insights into the acceleration of objects due to the gravitational force. In this experiment, a mass is set to swing to determine the number of oscillations in a particular period. Such an oscillatory motion is referred to as simple harmonic motion (JHA & JHA, 2009 pg. 275). This experiment was conducted to facilitate the understanding of the relationship between various parameters in an oscillatory system. As such, the main objective of this experiment is to estimate the value of gravitational force acting on the pendulum and compare this value with the widely accepted value of 9.81m/s2, mathematically. The period is the time a simple pendulum takes to complete a single oscillation. This physical quantity does not depend on the mass and the amplitude of the swing. However, it is dependent on factors such as the pendulum’s length and the acceleration due to the gravitation. A shorter pendulum has a shorter period than a longer pendulum (Matthews 2005, p.133). In small swings (swings with small angles), the period, T, of a pendulum with a certain length, L, is given by; There exists only one true value of the period of a swinging pendulum; no matter the measurement method and how precise the instrumentation used can be applied. As such, a measurement of the period is a true value approximation and gives either the true value or a value close to the true value. From the above, acceleration due to gravitational force can be determined by making g the subject of the formula, that is, g = 4π2L / T2. The apparatus used in the experiment included the pendulum bob, string, split cork, and timer. The thread of the pendulum was placed between two halves of a split cork and clamped to a firm support. Additionally, the length of the thread was set at a

Outline and evaluate Barthes concept of myth Essay

Outline and evaluate Barthes concept of myth - Essay Example Barthes was brought up in Bayonne by the mother and, periodically, by his grandparents. Barthes attended the Lycà ©e Montaigne, Paris (1924-30), and Lycà ©e Louis-le-Grand (1930-34). At the Sorbonne he studied classical letters, Greek tragedy, grammar and philology, receiving degrees in classical letters (1939) and grammar and philology (1943). In 1934 Barthes contracted tuberculosis and he spent the years 1934-35 and 1942-46 in sanatoriums. Numerous relapses with tuberculosis prevented him from carrying out his doctoral research. He taught in Rumania and in Egypt, where he met A. J. Greimas, then at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales. He was one of the founding figures in the theoretical movement centered on the journal Tel Quel. As the leading structuralist thinker, Barthes was highly influenced by Ferdinand de Saussures semiology - the formal study of signs and signification. He was a prolific interpreter, disseminator, and reviser of most of the complex theoretical concepts that circulated within Frances centers of learning from the 1950s on. Barthes was appointed to the Collà ¨ge de France in 1977 and was acknowledged as the leading critic of his generation in 1978. Aside from being the dominant theorist of the 1970s across Europe and America, Barthes made his influence felt in popular culture as well. He dies Mars 26 1980, due to complications after hed been hit by a van on his way home from a lunch with Franà §ois Mitterand in February the same year. Barthes is particularly interested, not so much in what things mean, but in how things mean. One of the reasons Barthes is a famous and well-known intellectual figure is his skill in finding, manipulating and exploiting theories and concepts of how things come to mean well before anyone else. As an intellectual, Barthes is associated with a number of intellectual trends (e.g. structuralism and post-structuralism) in postwar

Estimation of gravitational acceleration due to pendulim Assignment

Estimation of gravitational acceleration due to pendulim - Assignment Example The use of a simple pendulum experiment in the study of motion helps to provide valuable insights into the acceleration of objects due to the gravitational force. In this experiment, a mass is set to swing to determine the number of oscillations in a particular period. Such an oscillatory motion is referred to as simple harmonic motion (JHA & JHA, 2009 pg. 275). This experiment was conducted to facilitate the understanding of the relationship between various parameters in an oscillatory system. As such, the main objective of this experiment is to estimate the value of gravitational force acting on the pendulum and compare this value with the widely accepted value of 9.81m/s2, mathematically. The period is the time a simple pendulum takes to complete a single oscillation. This physical quantity does not depend on the mass and the amplitude of the swing. However, it is dependent on factors such as the pendulum’s length and the acceleration due to the gravitation. A shorter pendulum has a shorter period than a longer pendulum (Matthews 2005, p.133). In small swings (swings with small angles), the period, T, of a pendulum with a certain length, L, is given by; There exists only one true value of the period of a swinging pendulum; no matter the measurement method and how precise the instrumentation used can be applied. As such, a measurement of the period is a true value approximation and gives either the true value or a value close to the true value. From the above, acceleration due to gravitational force can be determined by making g the subject of the formula, that is, g = 4π2L / T2. The apparatus used in the experiment included the pendulum bob, string, split cork, and timer. The thread of the pendulum was placed between two halves of a split cork and clamped to a firm support. Additionally, the length of the thread was set at a

Describe the worst team experience you have ever had. What did you do Essay

Describe the worst team experience you have ever had. What did you do - Essay Example He asked me to fill in as head of our unit until they found an officer whos free and ready to take on. I gave him my worries of being a temporary superior to my team mates. The head promised me his full support in case of any insubordination. This was not a solution, I would still have to go back and work with these people once the new officer arrives. I decided I had to do my job as head of the unit, and still keep strong ties with my colleagues. I remembered Jim Collin’s level five leadership styles and was ready to undertake the challenging role (Collins, 2001). My colleagues became jealous of my new appointment. One of them swore not to take any orders from me, and stormed out of the room. The first 2 weeks in my position were a nightmare. People refused to due their work, or take any new assignments from me. But as tough as it was, I could not report them for that meant losing them. I felt like a juggler, trying not to drop a ball. As time passed, I realized all my team mates needed was equality. I decided to restructure our unit temporarily while I’m heading it. I gave each member a field where only he was responsible. They still had to report back to me, but I think it made them feel as if my appointment was just and administrative one, while in fact not much had changed. Not only did this strategy work for work relations, but our unit was doing better work than before. This worked right because my colleagues treated me well after I left the

Classical and Operant Conditioning Essay Example for Free

Classical and Operant Conditioning Essay Behavioural therapies emerged in the 1950s. The main assumption of the behavioural view is that abnormal behaviour is acquired in the same way as normal behaviour, through the principles of Classical and Operant Conditioning. Behavioural therapy is usually targets at specific, well-delineated anxiety disorders such as phobias and compulsions.  One therapy that is used through Classical Conditioning is Systematic Desensitisation. Classical Conditioning is learning that occurs through association. Systematic Desensitisation is used for people with phobias as it de-conditions phobias using relaxation and gradual contact. Individuals might learn that their feared stimulus was not so fearful after all if they could only re-experience the feared stimulus but the anxiety it creates blocks such recovery. This is overcome by introducing the feared stimulus gradually. In this type of behavioural therapy, based on the principle of counter-conditioning, a fearful person imagines a series of progressively more fearsome situations while he or she is deeply relaxed. The responses of relaxation and fear are incompatible, and the fear is eventually dispelled. The use of Systematic Desensitisation was first developed by Wolpe in the 1950s. Systematic Desensitisation enables individuals to overcome their anxieties by learning to relax n the presence of stimuli that once made them unbearably nervous and afraid. Wolpes basic idea was to replace one response (fear) with another (relaxation). This is particularly useful for treating psychological problems in which anxiety is the main difficulty for example phobias, shyness etc. The mode of action of Systematic Desensitisation is that in the early days of Systematic Desensitisation, patients would learn to confront their feared situations. They would gradually overcome their fears by learning to relax in the presence of objects or images that would normally arouse anxiety. Today, this is not the case, the therapists ask the subject to imagine the presence of the feared stimulus rather than actually presenting it. Systematic Desensitisation typically involves steps. First, patients are taught how to relax their muscles. Then the therapist and patient construct a hierarchy, the patient gradually works their way up the hierarchy, visualising each anxiety-evoking event while engaging in the completing relaxation responses. Once one step is mastered they move to the next step, continuing up the hierarchy until they have mastered their feared situation. Research has found that Systematic Desensitisation is successful for a range of anxiety disorders e.g. about 75% of patients with phobias responded to this method of therapy (McGrath et al, 1990). However spontaneous recovery (recovery without treatment) from phobias has been found to be as high as 50-60% (McMorran et al, 2001). This shows that Systematic Desensitisation may contribute little to recovery. Systematic Desensitisation has also been used with OCD patients. The technique of exposure and response prevention has an effectiveness of 60-90% of adults with OCD (Albucher et al, 1998) this is where patients are exposed to the objects or situations that trigger obsessions and are then prohibited from engaging in their usual compulsive response. All behavioural therapies have their roots in learning theory, which has its own roots in experiments with non-human animals. Wolpes (1958) initial research was with cats. He created a phobia by placing them in cages and administering repeated electric shocks. He could then reduce their learned anxiety response by placing food near a cage that was similar to the original. The act of eating apparently diminished the anxiety response; the cats could gradually be placed in cages more and more similar to the original cages without symptoms of anxiety. Human anxiety may not always respond in the same way. Systematic Desensitisation did not cure the phobia of one woman treated for a fear of insects (Wolpe 1973). It turned out that her husband, with whom she had not been getting along with was nicknamed after an insect. Her fear was therefore not the result of conditioning but a means of representing her marital problems. Marital counselling was recommended to her, which succeeded where Systematic Desensitisation had failed.  One therapy that is used through Operant Conditioning is Token Economy. Operant Conditioning is making a conscious association with the consequences of a behaviour e.g. behaviour that is rewarded is more likely to be repeated. The use of Token Economy is a behaviour modification procedure in which patients are given tokens for socially positive behaviour, these being withheld when unwanted behaviours are exhibited. The tokens can then be exchanged for desirable items and activities such as sweets. Although Token Economy programmes were widespread in the 1970s, they became largely restricted to wards being prepared for transfer into the community. A particularly widespread use of Token Economy at the time was for changing the negative symptoms of schizophrenia poor motivation, poor attention and social withdrawal (McMonagle and Sultana, 2001). In educational setting, the Token Economy system is an important part of classroom management, where it is used to build up and maintain appropriate classroom performance and behaviour.

Marketing Strategy for Print Media

Marketing Strategy for Print Media 1. Introduction and Background About print media it is said that action people do in their daily lives, their sayings and the style adopted by them to say something is actually directly influenced and affected by their readership activity of news paper, whatever they read in the newspaper and see, it affects their actions. And this would be very true to say that print media was and is the major factor in developing and promoting the popular culture, few years back book reading was a very popular activity and was a very influential source for educating people. If we analyze in the recent history of media, it would be very difficult for us to ignore the importance and impact of the print media in peoples lives. Media is basically categorized in two famous segments named as print media and electronic media, electronic media is the one using electromechanical energy to give access for its contents to customer or target group, initially it was in the form of audio, video, multimedia presentation and CD ROM etc. now wit h passage of time becoming more advance in the form or more digital. Now the static one which is mainly print media, and this also very often use electronics to produce the contents but actually do not use electronics to be delivered to the end user or customer. News papers are actually customary publications of the contents like news, advertisements and entertainments etc. The total number of daily news papers around the world in 2007 was 6580,and about 395 million copies daily had been delivering at that time, but after global financial recession of 2008 a very significant decrease in the circulation of news papers and advertisements was seen. Global recession was not the only factor, a rapid growth in digital media and online alternatives to print media are also the root cause for this decline. And how come it is possible for us to ignore print media as it has contributed a lot to update the people about news and without any doubt it has the power to change the trend or to make the trends like fashion, food and other cultural programs. In this marketing project I have tried to establish that what is going to happen with print media in the future, which was and is a very powerful source for providing knowledge and to keep them up to date about what is happening in the world. And off course this is very unfortunate that print media in the current date is going towards decline at a high rate, a lot of reasons are there which have made the situation of print media like where it stands today. In this report I have tried to establish from different school of thoughts the future of print media, and their perspectives are mentioned about reasons that print media is suffering today, and what are the possible solutions and strategies print media can adopt to come out of this situatio n. 1.1 Case Study over Berlingske newspaper As a case study I have chosen Danish daily news paper Berlingske which is owned by a largest news publishing group Berlingske media. Among many other brands berlingske daily news paper is also a product of Berlingske media,1749 was the year when the foundation of Berlingske media were laid down, and at that time it was published for the first time. The history of Berlingske Media has a long story of success, and truly they are proud of it and have a big influence from the level of nationwide to local level titles. In 2011 the group has reached to the age of 261 years, and from Jutland to Sealand group is well-known, and group has its headquarter in the center of Copenhagen. Until the date group has the 2850 employees working for it, 1100 out of them employed in the head office. Today after a long struggle Berlingske media is now able to deliver the contents for web, radio, web-TV and print etc. Berlingske media has successfully produced very famous brands; some of them are Berlingske, B.T, ErhvervsBladet.dk, Urban, Dagbladet, Holstebro, Folkebladet and etc.Berlingske media today is in the position that they are producing and publishing 11 daily news papers national and regional, and about 47 local weeklies. Along with this group is also publishing one free news paper, one weekly newspaper and one weekly magazine. Berlingske media has developed more than 60 websites, and have the opportunity of web services, they are also owner of one web shop and are currently having five mobile sites. About 200 Medias are working in the country under the group. Activities of Berlingske media are not limited only to the extent of producing and publishing but also it has produced its own press and has the facilities of printing and afterwards has the services of distribution . Total revenue generated as a result of these activities was 3583 m DKK in 2007. So this is not very strange to say that group has created a capacity for reaching up to 2.5 million Danes every week, this is a brief introduction and history about the Berlingske media group but important to mention here is that further in the report focus will be particularly on the Berlingske news paper which is truly one of the famous brand of Berlingske media. 2 Problem Definition and Objectives 2.1 Aims and Objectives To establish the opinions about future of print media from different school of thoughts, and to identify what changes in the strategies might change the situation. Aims of this report basically are mainly two, firstly to highlight the current situation of the print media and its future, secondly to some extent identifying the benefits and some possible successful strategies which might change the situation for print media. As it is already mentioned that as a case study Berlingske daily news paper has been chosen, so the main objective of this report is to purpose a possible marketing strategy for print media of Berlingske, so that it can be able to maintain its competitive advantage and leadership. 2.2 Research Question At the quite initial stage prior to this research project in a session we were asked by our supervisor Andreas to work together in group for the selection of the research topic, so all the instruction that were taught to generate the ideas and then turning the ideas into research question and objectives has been taken into considerations. For instance in the capability section it is mentioned that access to data is would be easy or not, as the author is an employee of a distribution company which delivers paid newspaper at night. So it was not a complicated matter for making a survey to get the data. So in the light of individual advice session with supervisor and theoretical work I have made my research question or the problem statement as follows. 2.3 Problem statement What would be the future marketing strategy of Berlingske newspaper to sustain itself in the presence of electronic media? 3 Conceptual framework 3.1 Literature Review After the World War (ii) like many other countries in Denmark news papers declined rapidly but particularly in the recent years the ratio was too high to decline and that is from 1,600,000 per day circulation to 1,130,000.Among almost 32 daily news papers Berlingske news paper is most prominent figure in the context of newspaper circulation. Berlingske media which is owned by a UK based Mecom Group plc has maintained its position in the industry after having different activities of mergers and alliances with other newspaper companies. Decline can be significantly analyzed as in 1993 74 percent of the mature population is been reading one newspaper daily, it decreased in 2006 to 72.5 and in 2008 it was 68.9 percent(Jauert, 2010). Danish daily news papers had a very sever war for the advertising revenue in the past, which resulted in the loss of revenue for many companies as they trapped in the competition and tried to lower down the prices and finally got a big loss. In 1995 Danish newspaper were sharing 35 percent of the overall advertising market which was in came down in 2005 with 27 percent and in 2008 it became 19 percent. And this situation developed because of the main route cause of internet advertisement (Jauert, 2010). As a solution to the problem Berlingske media now changed the strategy and started to publish two of the free new newspapers, and the loss for publication of these two was about 1 million DKK every day. They also had been affected by the major pronlem of the distribution for these papers, and many of the free news papers could not survive because of the decreasing revenue from advertisements and also because of having great difficulties and cost problem in distribution. A common distribution company was founded by â€Å"MetroXpree† and â€Å"24Timer† in 2007 (Jauert, 2010). Here its important to mention that in regards to paid news papers Berlingske here adopted the proactive strategy or in other words strategy is called first mover advantage,the cocept is presented by Vaccaro (2009) who mentioned two strategies,one is called proactive or assertive and the second is described as reactive or defensive approach,the difference between these two is the implementation of the strategy according to the changes happening around in the environment. Second one becomes activate when changes in the form of threat or opppurtunity already occurred, but in the proactive approach company has to be active before some thing from the external environment happened. So talking about Berlingske media it is very clear that they preferred the proactive approach as free launching of news paper Urban represents their activity. Then another free news paper comes in the market called Urban which is product of Berlingske Media, and statistics revealed by Dansk Oplagskontrol(Danish Bureau of Circulation) of 2008 showed that 15 weekly and 49 monthly magazines were there in the market, and according to Jauert weekly magazines were distributed in 1.8 million copies in 2008 whereas in the same year 1.140 monthly magazines were distributed. But this ratio has continnuosly been decreasing and as a result in 2006 it was 1.6 million for weeklies and 1.3 for monthlies and further in 2008 it became 1.4 million for weeklies and 1.3 million for monthlies and quarterlies (Jauert, 2010). It is now very clear that and also its been proven that print media is not off course dying but on the other hand growing worldwide, there is no doubt that digital world has captured most of the media and this is said to be their age but even in this situation print can not be avoided. The print media market now started offering a variety of product and is mainly divided into two broad categories which are respectively commercial printing and periodicals. Commercial printing is often used on some occasions context for example making of broachers and cards etc. but the periodical printing includes the products in the routine like newspaper circulation and magazines etc. (Kipphan, 2001) Today the business publishers are having a very bad advertising sales and the economy in many recent years could not contribute to the publishers, so to achieve the success in this digital era it is very important for publishers to come with variety of products and services, so they can fulfill the demand of the reader as well as of advertisers. (Jim Kilmetis, selling communications Inc, Future of Print,2004). Recently a new terminology has been introduced about the integrated media and marketing models, but to make this new model on the way of success and for the purpose of implementation it will obviously be a need of skilled and broad minded people. The fact of the matter is that there are off course some problems which readers and publishers face when using print publications, for readers the problem is that they can not be well addressed to the information they want acquire, from advertiser point of view after having a campaign for anything it is not possible to measure the affect. (Jim Kilmetis, selling communications Inc, Future of Print,2004). But in this kind of circumstances would it be possible to for print publishers to make a solution to the problem, and the answer is yes, off course they can have the opportunity of zero based assessment where they can understand to what extent their information structure is dependent on the print and advertising and what strategies can be adopted to align them in current market place. Not only this they also have a big advantage of technology to use for the progress on integrated media and marketing. Today technology became so fast that publishers can be able to control all medias by using an integrated platform. (Jim Kilmetis, selling communications Inc, Future of Print, 2004). To achieve the success in the current date it is of vital importance for the publishers to make a shift, change is now necessary expertise are required to bring that change, it would be considered that what is demand of people how they want to acquire the information. Time is changed today, old models and theories are no longer very fruitful and now according to the changing environment many publishing companies have their websites to meet the competitive edge, as they are offering related services through these website but important point is to consider all this as an initiative. Internet features must be used for the purpose of distribution and other stages of the traditional publications. (Jim Kilmetis, selling communications Inc, Future of Print, 2004). 3.2 Other Concepts from Related Work Here another perspective comes from Schibsted, a Norwegian news paper, this is said about it that if they would like to greet anyone visiting them, it is hand operated printing press which was actually bought by the founder of this group Christian Schibsted in 1856.This was initially established for only the purpose of printing, mean printing for others, but later on it started to make its own publishing, now the point which is to be noted that there is no doubt that the company did not compromise for presenting their machine as a proud for them, but even then this is also the fact of the matter that they are now trying to run away from the print. As they got a loss in having activities in the print publications, And like many others they also adopted the policy for being online and got 35 percent of the operating profit after activating online activities. (The Economist, 2006) The news paper industry after the success news of Schibsteds started to join their footsteps, as industry was declining day by day, but this successful experiment of being online by Schibsteds changed the environment to a great extent. Schibsteds actually developed a web site for their established news paper industry and also many others like Sesam a search engine comparable with Google etc. But if talking about the news paper industry particularly then the situation is very alarming that even Schibsteds seemed like hopeless. (The Economist, 2006) Ron Miller suggests that if we analyze and compare the situation in the context that in the past if we wanted to establish a set up for the news publication or for the magazine production, that was clearly meant to have a good resources and wealth to do that, he mentioned that in the past news paper industry had been relied very much to make the news paper available for us, and they got a lot of benefit out of this. But today the situation is changed totally. (Miller, 2009) Miller further describes the situation in the way that today it became very easy for any kind of content publications to deliver it online. There is no need of big staff and large set up like a factory process to achieve this, not only this it is very obvious that ad dollars is moved to internet now. And now this is happening in a very speedy process that now we get the news right after it occurred. So due to these circumstances now the situation is happened to be like that newspaper industry failed very badly. Considering the 2009 statistics of FOLIO 279 magazines were closed, and only 77 became possible to launch,105 newspapers were closed in the start of 2009.This is not the case only with the small business of newspaper industry, it happened with large companies as well, for instance New York Times is rapidly declining towards destruction and has come to the level that they now considering to sale their Manhattan headquarters. (Miller, 2009) Dan Haight described a particular segment of advertisement that advertisers became very smart today, as they dont hesitate to adopt any kind of medium to reach their consumer. He feels that this is very possible that advertisers will used to go at the door steps of their consumer and ask for the consumption in very near future. Further He described the situation about the future of print media that it has to focus on the advertising, Haight believes that in future off course print is going to play an important role, the only need is that print media should be able to carry the messages from the advertisers and at the same time advertisers would have to keep in mind that they advertise exactly what consumers demand is and at the appropriate time when consumer really want to consume this. Because as technology becoming advance day by day, the consumers are getting more empowered so in this situation there are almost no chance for advertisers to make any mistake or error. (Haight, 2005) According to Gene Gable the defenders or the supporters of print media are always been arguing that print media due to its nature of giving the impression of touch will not lose its position with other medias of digital world.Defenders of print media said that you can take the news paper with you into bathroom,but at the same time from other side very comprehensive answer comes that off course is true what is been argued by supporters but what about the new generation who is coming with the digital world. And after analyzing different surveys and statistics here Gable describes the situation about the current existence of ours, according to him the situation of print media decline is more sever among the kids and in the age group of 65, He further explains that may be they are very much used to for the internet, they buy a very few news paper today. (Gable, 2007) Gable also mentioned that predictions of Dire publications about the sever decline of news paper industry were quite true as many of the analysts showed that this situation can be even worst. In America the decline in the newspaper industry circulation was 2.8 percent daily and 3.4 percent on Sunday, if talking internationally the trend is also downward as in the biggest newspaper industry of China the revenue by ad decreased by 15 percent and also the ratio of newspaper readers decreased very much about 1.3 percent since 2003 and it was said by government that industry is entered an ice-age. The case with the developed and established industries is also not very much satisfactory, as in Germany the ratio of circulation declined by 9.35 percent, in France by 5.7 percent ,Italy 4.49 percent, Netherlands 11.13 percent, Denmark 11.5 percent and the united kingdom 12.5 percent. (Gable, 2007) In another article by Ron Miller suggested that with passage of time media companies are caught up with recent changes that are brought by internet. Ron believes that if old media companies do not update themselves with these changes of recent history, they will become late in the game as this is very obvious that these rapid changes and the internet enabled media knows better delivery channel than old media. According to Miller problem actually occurs when old media companies treat the new digital world as a different thing to them, they separate internet from their traditional media. But author believes that this is wrong mindset as according to him they can open new horizons of success if they work together. He made his case strong by giving two examples; one of Greyson Chance who uploaded a song by playing a piano, other one is of Dave Carroll who also made a YouTube video of his song â€Å"United Breaks Guitars†. In both cases author describes that when were being picked up by the print publishers and TV, their views turned in millions, finally Miller concludes that if the old companies want to be on the path of success then it is vital for them to understand the different ways for combining with digital delivery channels (Miller, 2010). 3.3 SWOT Analysis To reshape a strategy for any company or to make a totally changed new one, it is very important to understand about the capabilities required to achieve the goal.SWOT analysis actually tells us about the health of a company and that where do it exist, this cannot be used to plan a new strategy or to give the solution for any existing deficiency in the organization. SWOT analysis is quite helpful in identification of problem area so it became easy for the people in management to take the decision accordingly. SWOT analysis consist of four parts to make an analysis of adopted strategy of any company, and to make this analysis successful and objective, this is required that company dont hesitate to be a critic of its own. And adaptation of such an analysis might lead the company to understand the areas where they are powerful and so they can emphasize on these areas to utilize the opportunities they can have. SWOT stand for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Two of them are the internal to the company, strengths and weaknesses is actually a measurement of where company does exist currently, whereas opportunities and threats are the external factor to company, after this stage of identifying and examining the both factors, then companies might be able to analyze them to make a balance between these factors. Strength of a company is very important to identify as it might be possible that company could not realize that what is they are good at, which is actually their strength, what are the key factors making company on the way of progress. Similarly the weakness is an area of the company where company is not performing well, it is important in this regard that sometimes misinterpretations of the things might lead a company toward a problem, misinterpretation means that something which was really important to the company but perceived as less important and could not be focused. But opportunities are some external factors happened in the environment that becomes favorable to your business, these factors extra ordinarily affect the business strengths, weaknesses, and threats and are helpful to improve the business. Threats are the external conditions that are not in favor of business of company, while doing business it is not very unusual that business face different threats, theses might o ccur at any time. Now by keeping all this into considerations Berlingske news paper is been analyzed to have an understanding of its current performance and capabilities, so talking about the strengths first it has been analyzed that since the Belingske news paper and media is the largest and oldest in Denmark so it has developed a strong customer base, as with the use of new technologies and strategies now capable for reaching about 2.5 million Danes every week. News paper has developed a strong relationship with their customers by fulfilling the demands of their customer. Berlingske has been considering the customer relationship mangment strategy to build the long term loyal relationship. Another strength of Berlingske is demand of its print publication from a specific segment of its customers,these are educated people and have the know how of business and also people from elite class,as their demand for the print publication in spite of all the revolution in technology and digital online media can not be decreased.so this demand for the print publication is increasing as a strength of Berlingske news paper. Also Berlingske has strong infrastructure, as it is already mentioned in the introduction of case study part that Berlingske management owns aroung 200 medias, and 11 dailies and similarly magazines and weekly newspaper, so it has proven that they have the right capabilities to manage all this, and due to best practice of CRM strategy implementation they have the strength of direct interaction with their customers and changing the policies accordingly. Berlingske news paper is today after a long struggle is recognized in all over Denmark and now Berlingske is name of brand. And recognition of the brand is a very powerful strength for any company, because some times for the purpose of making balance in some hard times, brand name can be used to adopt a different strategy to generate revenue by new ways. Weaknesses for Berlingske print publication is mainly like many other print publications that with changing environment of the digital world,print is seemed to be as outdated technology, along with this in the long journey of Berlingske, it has been under many different leaderships, and as every new management would have its own goals and priorities. So talking about the opportunities of Berlingske it is vital to mention that with the revolution in the online technology and digital media there are many positive outcomes for Berlingske print publication, first of all now with advancement in the technology it became easy and also very cheap for direct marketing with the customers, as it has been mentioned in case study part that berlingke group has developed more than 60 web sites,so to get a subscription for any willing customer it became very easy to do that just with click of mouse. So due to this more and more customers are being attracted. Also because of the advancement in technology and the use of computer has made Berlingske to produce their contents with a less investment or in other words cost is decreased to produce and deliver the content to the end user, and because of technology enabled factors bugdt with out any doubt is increased, that is a necessary element to maintain the competitive advantage for Berlingske. Regarding the threat one thing which I feel is necessary to mention that there was an opinion from one anayist that income which print publications have some times beomes equal to the cost for collecting news and other contents and then circulating and publishing them to the customers. So the actual revenue generator for print publications is advertisement dollar. So in the case of Berlingske this is also a threat that as advertisers now in this date increasingly prefer the online medium, so day by day this segment of decreasing advertisement is a biggest threat For Berlingske. 4 Research Methodology My project is a research based project. So I have to use some research approaches and methods or techniques to carry out this project. For this purpose I studied some books related to this topic. From these books I got the guidelines about how a research is conducted. First I would like to explain what is a research? Research is a systematic way to investigate the solutions of the problems. Research is not a single step but it is a brainstorming. It involves multiple steps that the researchers have to follow to conduct their research. I have also planned to follow the same research process to respond the research questions effectively. Through this process I was able to collect the data and then performed analysis based on that data. To get better understanding, research process is shown in the following figure. After exploring different research methodologies and techniques, I have made plan to use qualitative approach in my research project. This approach is suitable in a short period of time. This helped me to gather the data and find out the solution of the given research question. Under this approach I used different techniques to investigate the solution. 4.1 Literature review In this research project first I have planned to review the related literature in order to enhance my understanding on this area. I have planned to make literature review as the base of my research work. I studied and reviewed different articles, unpublished documents, journals and papers, books of different authors on the topic ‘Print media and electronic media. Literature is the best tool particularly in my area of research to get the optimum data within short period of time. It is an effective and cheap source for data gathering. Literature survey may provide a strong foundation for further research (Blaxter, Loraine, Hughes Christina, and Tight Malcolm, How to Research). â€Å"‘Literature refers to all available research on this subject and ‘Literature Search refers to the process of finding the material and a ‘literature survey simply describes the literature which exists (Blaxter, Loraine, Hughes Christina, and Tight Malcolm, How to Research). This technique produces reliable and consistent data which can be analyzed and generalized with more assurance. Thus the data achieved is easy to manage and further field work is not involved (Verma Gajendra V, Mallick, K, and Neasham , Perspectives and Techniques, 1998). I have carried out a comprehensive literature review to explore what has already been done in this area, what are the strategies that push a business towards upside. Based on the literature I have tried to produce a quality of data (Blaxter, Loraine, Hughes Christina, and Tight Malcolm, How to Research). 4.2 Informal discussion Informal discussion has been carried out for this research study. Informal discussion means no preplanned schedule and no formal layout. It can occur at any time at any stage. I conducted informal discussion with the colleagues that are doing business study or have some sort of business experience. From informal discussion I got many new ideas and new directions for this research work. 4.3 Conduct Survey Survey is an excellent and cheapest way to retrieve the data from the users. I have also planned to conduct the survey in my research work. This technique is supportive to further evaluate the results. For this purpose a questionnaire has been prepared under the light of data that I have retrieved from literature and informal discussion. Questionnaire is designed in a careful manner so that it is easy for the users to answer them. Questions are clear and close ended. There is no redundancy among the questions (Preece, J., Rogers, Y., and Sharp, H., Interaction design: Beyond human-computer interaction, 2002). Target users of the survey are those who are doing business study or having business experience and background. 4.4 Case study-Berlingske newspaper: Case study is a qualitative approach in which we further narrow down our research. Similarly I have planned to conduct the case study in my project. Initially I have explored such business strategies due to which print media can survive in the presence of electronic media. But further I have investigated business strategies that particularly supportive for Berlingske newspaper. Because, I have chosen Berlingske newspaper as a case study in my research work. 5 Data Collection After declination of print media there is a great pressure on newspaper and magazines companies. They are losing their business and their revenue is coming down. Marketers have changed their trend and they switch on to the digital media. They have built their own sites. To survive in digital environment print media needs to switch online and they charge for contents online as they are charging previously. But this is not successful effort as readers pay for only those contents which they cannot fine anywhere or which is hard to replicable. For its survival print media needs to adopt the following strategies. They have to focus on different ways and business techniques to enhance its revenue. 5.1 Build Deeper Relationships Leading marketers have strongly realized the power of digital media. They are expanding the boundaries of digital innovation and spending much more on own web sites, mobile applications, interactive kiosks in order to deliver more targeted contents to the consumers. The

Passage Analysis- A Farewell to Arms :: essays research papers

One measure of a powerful writer lies in her ability to write literature in which any passage can be set apart from its context and still express the qualities of the whole. When this occurs, the integrated profundity of the entire work is a sign of true artistry. Ernest Hemingway, an author of the Lost Generation, was one such writer who mastered the art of investing simple sentence structure with layers of complex meaning. Hemingway, who was a journalist in the earlier years of his writing career, was known for writing in a declarative or terse style of prose. The depth of emotion and meaning that he conveyed through such minimalistic text is astounding. He also experimented with a stream-of-consciousness technique developed by writers such as James Joyce and William Faulkner to an interior dimension to his prose. In A Farewell to Arms, the story of wartime romance between an American soldier in the Italian Army, Frederic, and Catherine, the British nurse who cares for him, there are a multitude of passages which could easily stand alone as poetry because of their symbolic meaning. However, when these exceptional passages are woven into the fabric of the novel as a whole, the reader is able to reach an even greater level of understanding. One extraordinary passage is found near the end of the novel during which Frederic Henry agonizes over the danger his lover’s in while she struggles with the birth of their baby. By juxtaposing the imminent birth of Frederic’s child with the possible death of his beloved, Hemingway explores a deep ambivalence about the meaning of life and loss. Throughout this passage, structure plays an important role in illuminating Frederic’s emotional metamorphosis from concern to desperation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The passage opens with Frederic watching â€Å"poor, poor dear Cat† (line 1) in her apparent state of helplessness as she struggles through giving birth. Through strong word choice, Hemingway continues to display Frederic’s obvious contemptuous feelings about the biological consequences of love. He views Catherine’s pain and suffering as the â€Å"price you [pay]† (line 1) for loving someone. Ironically, a birth is usually shown in a positive light as the pain one suffers to birth a child pales in comparison to the tremendous joy of receiving a newborn baby. Despite conventions, Frederic feels as if he has been trapped by some malignant force of life and is anything but happy about the impending birth.

Health Care Access Options Essay

Community can be defined as a social group of any size whose members reside in a specific locality, share government, and often have a common cultural and historical heritage (Dictionary.com, 2015). The health care needs of a community are contingent upon age, gender, race, and social class. This paper will address the marketing strategy of a web-based resource, walk-in clinic, and a retail clinic within one community. Research will cover the audience in which the organizations wish to target, how they market to The target audience, the effectiveness, and what could be done differently to improve marketing strategies. The Health Resources and Services Administration Maternal and Child Health web page is dedicated to helping women improve the health and wellness of their communities. The wealth of information provided allows women to educate themselves on a variety of topics. The mission of the Bright Futures for Women’s Health and Wellness Initiative (BFWHW) is to plan, develo p, implement, and evaluate a variety of culturally competent, evidence-based consumer, provider, and community tools for women across their lifespan. Materials help women of all ages achieve better physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health by encouraging healthy practices (US Health Resources & Services Administration, 2015). By providing easily downloaded toolkits or an 800 number if internet is not available, BFWHW targets the female audience effectively. By choosing to target only women, the site narrows its market. To improve and broaden their market, the site might add information that target men to educate first time fathers, suggest helpful tips for helping around the house, and provide information or links to support groups for men and teenagers. Cigna Urgent Care is the community walk in clinic. The featured services provided include primary care and pediatrics. Specialty services include outpatient surgery, podiatry, neurology, pharmacy, Health for seniors, imagery, and vision  centers (Cigna HealthCare of Arizona, 2015). The clinic provides care for every age, infants to seniors. Open to the public 365 days ou t of the year, and staff board certified doctors to treat a wide variety of conditions. One Saturday a month, the clinic offers well check-up appointments for women only. Targeting all audiences, with a focus on women’s health for convenience. Cigna also targets senior health, providing health education classes. The website allows easy access to information and is user-friendly. The marketing strategy is effective with olive branches extended to all generations, easy access to information, and several locations. Individuals can now receive health care services while shopping for groceries. CVS introduced minute clinic over a decade ago and now have over 800 locations nationwide (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). Targeting audiences that have very little time to schedule an appointment with a primary care physician, the minute clinics offer walk-in services for a variety of health care needs. Staffed by nurse practitioners and physicians assistants that specialize in family health care (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). The minute clinics accept most health insurance and offer flexible and affordable payment options to individuals with no health insurance or those who are underinsured (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). Practitioners diagnose, treat and write prescriptions for common family illnesses such as strep throat, bladder infections, pink eye, and infections of the ears, nose, and throat (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). Provide common vaccinations for flu, pneumonia, pertussis and hepatitis. (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). Treat minor wounds, abrasions, joint sprains, and skin conditions such as poison ivy, ringworm, lice, and acne. Provide a broad range of wellness services including TB testing, sports and camp physicals, and lifestyle programs such as smoking cessation and a medically based weight loss programs (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). Offer routine lab tests, instant results and education for those with diabetes, high cholesterol or high blood pressure (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). Provide care for adults and children 18 months and older for most services and share records with primary care provider with patient permission (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). The website offers a price list for all services provided, as well as educational information for a variety of health care issues. Being the official sports physical provider of Pop Warner Football, and official retail medical clinic of USA Football (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). is an  effective marketing strategy to target sports organizations in the community. The CVS minute clinic is successful in reaching all target audiences. The three health care organizations researched used effective marketing strategies to reach the target audience. Without research and effective marketing, an organization will set itself for failure. Targeting the desirable audience is the key to successf ul community clinics. References Cigna HealthCare of Arizona. (2015). Cigna Medical Group. Retrieved from http://www.cigna.com Communities. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged. Retrieved January 30, 2015, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/communities CVS.com. (1999-2014). Retrieved from http://www.cvs.com/minuteclinic/services CVSHealth. (1999-2014). Minute Clinic. Retrieved from http://www.cvs.com For Kids To Do. (2015). Retrieved from http://forkidstodo.net US Health Resources & Services Administration. (2015). HRSA. Retrieved from http://mchb.hrsa.gov/womenshealth/resources

Palliative Care Essay

Culture is a fundamental part of one’s being which along with spirituality play a significant role in a person’s journey through life. Health beliefs may be strongly tied to a person’s cultural background and spiritual or religious affiliation. Palliative care is the active holistic care of terminally ill patients which demands to maintain the quality of life addressing physical symptoms as well as emotional, spiritual and social needs. This very nature of the palliative care poses challenges to health care workers when addressing a culturally diverse population. Australia is the most multicultural country in the world where its population ranges from the descendants of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to migrants or of descendants of migrants from more than 200 countries. The aim of this essay is to discuss the importance of providing spiritually and culturally competent care for a person and their family receiving palliation. This essay also discuss es how importance is to focus these principles to the culture of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with regards to death and dying. World Health Organisation defines palliative care as â€Å" an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing with life threatening illness through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual†(WHO,2009) . According to Matzo & Sherman (2010) the culture and spirituality are among the most important factors that structure human experience, values and illness patterns and determine how a person interact with the healthcare system. Moreover a person’s beliefs, values, rituals, and outward expressions can impact palliative care either positively or negatively. According to Brown & Edwards (2012) people experiencing the inevitability of death are in need of care givers who are knowledgeable about personal issues and attitude that affect the end of life experience. An adequate understanding of cultural and spiritual matters is vital and beneficial when focussing on dying person’s family needs and wants. According to Geoghan (2008) perception differ among culture in issues such as use of medication, personal space and touching, dietary issues, whether to be cared at home or seek health care facility. Long (2011) states that when determining the decision making and disclosures culture has a significant role to play with spiritual or religious implications. Brown & Edwards (2012) states that culturally expressions physical symptoms especially pain differs in different cultures and leads to ethnic minority groups are often being undertreated in terms of pain medication. Moreover, nonverbal cues such as grimaces, body positions and guarded movements also significance in providing culturally competent care.Ferrell &Coyle (2010) states language has an important role in streaming communication patterns and style between health providers and patients and lack of effective communication may mean less than satisfactory exchanges between health providers, patients and their families in a multicultural society. According to Matzo & Sherman(2010) spirituality is a way to be connected with God as well as to self, fellow human beings and to nature. Moreover, when the terminally ill patients go through critical life adjustments, spirituality considered to be as a domain of palliative care which serves as the binding force for physical, social, and psychological domains of life. According to Ferrell &Coyle (2010) majority of the palliative patients may experience a growth in spirituality and considers spirituality to be one of the most important contributors to quality of life and frequently used as helpful coping strategies for their physical illness. Furthermore, the family caregivers of seriously ill patients also find comfort and strength from their spirituality and considerably assist them in coping .At the same time many of such patients with their uncertainty of life, long term nature of illness, potential for pain, altered body image and confrontation of death may lead to spiritual distress as well (Matzo & Sherman, 2010). Spiritual care is an important factor for both those expressing spiritual wellness and those experiencing spiritual distress during their period of illness (Amoah, 2011). Matzo & Sherman (2010) states that spirituality facilitate coping with chronic pain, disability, sense of illness and provides strength and self-control and thus reduce the anxiety and depression. Furthermore, those who participate in religious services and ceremonies experience a relief from their loneliness and isolative life style and such practices may generate significant support and peace in difficult times for the patient and their family. Brown & Edwards (2012) states that assessment of spiritual need in palliative care is a major factor because spiritualty is not necessarily equate religion and a person do not have particular faith or religion may have deep spirituality. According to Brown & Edwards (2012) awareness and sensitivity to cultural beliefs and practices regarding death and dying is vital when caring end of life patients, especially in a multicultural societies such as Australia. Ferrell & Coyle (2012) states that in spite of strong government initiatives, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people remain a marginalised group with health status significantly below that of other Australians. Consequently Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have high rate of mortality and premature death (McGrath & Philips, 2009). Furthermore, Ferrell & Coyle (2012) states that while addressing palliation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, culturally responsive model of palliative care to be delivered and traditional practices that surrounds care of dying people and death are understood, respected and incorporated in to care. According to Thackrah & Scott (2011) an understanding of cultural, practices, protocols and customs with rega rds loss and grief is of topmost priority when dealing with traditional aboriginal men and women. According to Queensland Health (2013) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander have strong cultural and spiritual concepts about the cause of diseases and death which may conflict with Western explanations and diagnosis of illnesses. According to McGrath & Philips (2008), though the Indigenous Australians adopted many aspects of the non-Indigenous culture over the years, their expectations and rituals around end of life still mostly well connected to their land, culture and tradition. Most of the Aboriginal people have a strong wish to die at home with family, surrounded by their ‘Country’ and in their own community where their spirit belongs (O’Brien &Bloomer, 2012). According to Thackrah & Scott (2011), most people dislike the hospital environment because they believe in the hospital they may experience isolation, structural racism and disempowerment. Since death in a hospital can create stress in the family along with fear and disputes, family protocols to be strictly followed and they have to be given space to finish up with dignity and compassion. During a situation of an expected death of an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person, there is usually a gathering of immediate and extended family and friends which are a mark of respect of the patient. Based on the belief that life is a part of a greater journey, it is cultural practice to prepare the person for the next stage in their journey and often the extent of gatherers correlates with the patient’s value to the community. The passing of an elder may induce immense grief and mourning upon the whole community, hence expect many visitors and a grand funeral ceremony that reflects the respect. According to Thackrah & Scott(2011),When a death occurs in traditional indigenous communities in Australia, community members and visiting relatives from elsewhere move away from settlements into a special place called ‘‘sorry camp’’. Also the Indigenous way of grieving is a long process with different phases not only consoling each other but by tradi tional ways of harming themselves. Palliative care is truly a holistic care delivered to patients and family members with life threatening illness by providing physical as well as emotional and spiritual support. It is evident that culture and spirituality are central to palliative care which must be given due consideration at every point of assessing and planning care for patients and families. Although spiritual beliefs might help most people to cope well in the face of illness, for other people such beliefs may be ineffective or problematic. Since health beliefs are strongly associated with culture and spirituality it is critical that healthcare professionals understand and implement best practices in attending to cultural and spiritual needs during their illness journey. The death and dying in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have a crucial cultural significance and health professional must be competent in religious and cultural practices when addressing palliative care. Reference List AmoahC.F. (2011).The central importance of spirituality in Palliative care. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 17,353-358.Retreived from http://ea3se7mz8x.search.serialssolutions.com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/?V=1.0&pmid=21841704 Brown, D., and Edwards, H. (2012).Lewis’s Medical-surgical nursing (3rd ed.). Chatswood, Elsevier Australia. Ferrell, B.R., & Coyle, N. (2010).Oxford textbook of Palliative Nursing. NewYork, Oxford university press. Geohan, D.A. (2008).Understanding palliative care nursing. Journal of Practical Nursing, 58.6 Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/docview/228052494/fulltextPDF?accountid=36155 Long, C.O. (2011).Cultural and spiritual considerations in palliative care. Journal of Paediatr Hematol Oncol, 33, S-96-101 doi: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e318230daf3. Matzo,M.,& Sherman,D.W.(2010). Palliative care nursing-Quality of care to the end of life (3rd ed.) New York, Springer. McGrath, P. & Phillips, E. (2008). Insights on end-of-life ceremonial practices of Australian Aboriginal peoples. Collegian, 15, 125 – 13.Retreived from http://www.nursingconsult.com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/nursing/journals/1322-7696/full-text/PDF/s1322769608000243.pdf?issn=1322-7696&full_text=pdf&pdfName=s1322769608000243.pdf&spid=21611429&article_id=708072 McGrath, P. & Phillips, E. (2009). Insights from the Northern Territory on Factors That Facilitate Effective Palliative Care for Aboriginal Peoples. Australian Health Review, 33,636-644.Retreived from http://search.informit.com.au.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/documentSummary;dn=301730371388187; res=IELHEA> ISSN: 0156-5788 O.brien,A & Bloomer,M.(2012). Aborginal palliative care and mainstream services.Australian Nursing Journal ,20,39.Retrieved from http://search.informit.com.au.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/fullText;dn=993462370312798;res=IELHEA Queensland Health. (2013). Sad news, sorry business- Guideline for caring Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people through death dying Retrieved from http://www.health.qld.gov.au/atsihealth/documents/sorry_business.pdf Ulrik, J., Foster, D., &Davis, V. (2011). Loss, Greif, Bad luck and sorry business. In R.Thackrah, &Scott (1st Ed.) Indigenous Australian health and Culture (190-2008). Frenchs Forrst,Pearson Australia. World Health Organization. (2009). WHO definition of palliative care, Retrieved from http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/definition/en/