Transformation of Work

Bachelor of Science (Hons) In Marketing BMME1 1142A Type of Assignwork forcet mental faculty Lecturer Member UOB ID No. Date of Submission INDIVIDUAL TRANSFORMATION OF WORK (BAFW4) MR JOHN modern BOON LEONG KAM YONG KUAT 10038891 27th JUNE 2012 Page 1 of 4 BMME1 1142A Transformation of Work (BAFW4), private Assignment, 27th June 2012 Kam Yong Kuat (UB 10038891) A critical review of an academic article concerned with certain aspects of new issues of work Cross, S. and Bagilhole, B. (2002) Girls Jobs for the boys?Men, maleness and untraditional Occupations. Gender, Work and Organization, Vol 9, No. 2 pp204-226 Introduction of Gender segregation of the labour market By temperament, in that location has alship canal been melodyal segregation through gender in all countries. This is the case, despite the differences in sparing or political situation in the assorted atomic number 18as. Even though it has been a long objet dart since women have participated in the working force, women and men still tend to work in different industries, for oneness reason or a nonher.Research conducted by Simon Cross and Barbara Bagilhole (2002) has shown that men dominated industries like drivers of road goods vehicles, wareion works, attention managers, warehouse and storekeepers, technical and wholesale re yieldatives. And on the other end of the spectrum, only two occupational groups are wholl y effeminate dominance ( much than 90%) nurses and care assistants. Other womanish dominated industries including counter clerks, cashiers, ply assistants, primary and nursery school teachers and cleaners or domestic helpers.Unfortunately, gender segregation operates both horizontally and vertically in the working force. Not only are men and women allocated qualitatively in different field or work, women happened to make up the vast majority of the lower levels of the occupational hierarchy. Taking pillowcase from the nursing industry in the US, men makes up only the clear minority, yet, most are strongly encouraged to apply for promotions into managerial positions.William (1992) has highlighted on a very interesting metaphor of the glass crown to that of glass escalator in order to reflect the mens smooth and inexorable enhance to senior management. Many theories have been put forward to explain the persistence of gender divisions in employment, and it has generally foc employ on womens inability to compete on equal terms to men in the labour market. (Cross and Bagilhole, 2002) Men, maleness and non-traditional workAccording to research conducted by Hearn (1992), masculinity has been found to be further from uniform and it is seen not as the essence of men, but rather as a product of cultural and historical forces. on that point have been other theories that highlight that man who worked in nontraditional occupations tended to present a less masculine gender-type compared with men in traditional male-dominant occupations (Chusmir, 1990). Judgin g from the entertainment and media scene in Singapore, it seems to further prove what Chusmir (1990) has argued. 0% of make-up artist, hairstylist and fashion designers tend to portray a more feminine persona, moving away from the traditional male masculinity. Some have even been regarded as a fairy godmother (David Gan Asiaone intelligence information, 2010). It may be due to the fact that clienteles from these industries are mainly female, thus the feminine persona, and eventually, homosexuality. but these also further clarify the point that Collinson and Hearn (1996) made, that masculinities are socially produced, reproduced and indeed changeable.There are also arguments that suggests men adopted a transformed masculinity in nontraditional occupations such as training (Galbraith 1992) and men who reject stereotyped gender agencys, and who performed non-traditional work, reported little or no gender role conflict (Luhaorg and Zivian, 1995) Page 2 of 4 BMME1 1142A Transforma tion of Work (BAFW4), Individual Assignment, 27th June 2012 Kam Yong Kuat (UB 10038891) Cross and Bagihole (2002) up to now maintain that masculinity is the shorthand for gender identity.And therefore, through this get wind of the various(a) shells, it looked at ways in which masculinities are defined, transformed, (re)constructed, and maintained by men working in non-traditional jobs. Findings of the study of masculinity in non-traditional work One of the subject interviewed mention that feel for is seen as a predominantly female job because people see carers as universe female, and aspects of caring like being empathic and excellent to peoples needs are seen as something that men cant do.This has initiated the subject to challenge traditional ideas of appropriate gender behaviour in the work of a caring job. other participant also highlighted the need to challenge the traditional culture of getting involved in the caring scene, even though he has been introduced to traditi onal masculine values since young, through the doings of his father and brother. He would be deemed as different from being a real men if he would to pursue in caring work.One younger participant also noted that he have received adverse reactions when he mentioned to girls he met during a party, that he was a male nurse. He has to resort to lying closely his occupation as women were not interested if hes a nurse. The vast majority of women will cause to question his sexual orientation or start to share their problems with him. These are just a a couple of(prenominal) of the challenges that the participants have shared with regard to their sexuality and masculine identity. Nonetheless, the participants also have their fair share of attempts in challenging the challenges.A male gynaecologist who was also part of the study highlighted that he often felt other than when he observed his female counterparts treating fellow female patients, and thought it was a bit shoddy. And because o f that, he strives to batten that he handles his patients with more tact and effort to ensure that his patients felt comfortable. This has gone down with well with his patients and he has been duly recognised for the efforts. One of the other participants, a male nurse, views his work as a long career, something that he will be doing for the rest of his life.With this attitude and approach, he tend to take the job more seriously and look to strive better than his female counterparts, whom many a times, enters the industry, viewing it just as a second job or something to do until something better comes along. (Re)constructing a different masculinity There are also the few that look to (re)construct a different masculinity, by identifying with their work as being better indications of their true self (Cross and Bagilhole, 2002). The participants see their job as something that genuinely brings out their true nature as a caring person.One of the male nurse involved in the study comme nted that he used not be able to express his emotions in public, due to the stereotypical views of the general public. But after(prenominal) joining the nursing industry, it has helped him to better express himself in a more liberating manner. He now has no problem sharing his emotions with people around him. This could also be the reason why based on recent reports, it has shown that more male nurses have been reported to enter the industry (More male nurse first appearance the industry Asiaone, Page 3 of 4 BMME1 1142ATransformation of Work (BAFW4), Individual Assignment, 27th June 2012 Kam Yong Kuat (UB 10038891) 2010). It could also be more often than not due to that fact that people have grown to understand and empathise that the work one does, is not a direct reflection of your sexual orientation or personality. Conclusion Based on the studies of the various subjects, Simon and Bagilhole (2002) was able to establish that the males either attempted to maintain a traditional masculinity by distancing themselves from female colleagues, and/or partially (re)constructed a different masculinity by identifying with their non-traditional occupations.The men involved in the study have also shown to be actively maintaining traditional male values, and not challenging their gender identity. When challenged about their masculinity, some of the subjects have maintained themselves as the dominant gender by reformulating the perception of their work as being more mens work, for example, by denying that a care-takers job involves caring only. It has a certain element of planning and management involved that will make the male dominance stands out. fairish as how Segal (1999) argued, men have remained the dominant sex by constantly refashioning masculinity.Through this study, it is apparent that men have been able to successfully maintain their traditional advantages even in female-dominated workplaces. Even in female-dominated workplaces such as nursing, it does not naturally set the change or biasness in the womens favour. The mens behaviour and practices contributes to their dominance in the industry. WORKS CITED Feminine Males within Entertainment Industry Yoshio http//www. whatshappening. sg/events/index. php? com=detail&eID=51825 David Gan http//news. asiaone. com/News/The%2BNew%2BPaper/Story/A1Story20101110 -246661. tml More male nurses entering the industry http//www. asiaone. com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100712-226496. html Cross, S. and Bagilhole, B. (2002) Girls Jobs for the boys? Men, Masculinity and Non -Traditional Occupations. Gender, Work and Organization, Vol 9, No. 2 pp204-226 Chusmir, L. H. (1990) Men who make non-traditional career choices. Journal of Counselling and Development, 69 (September-October), 11-16 Galbraith, M. (1992) accord career choices of men in elementary education. Journal of Educational Research. 85,4 (March-April), 246-53 Hearn, J. 1992) Men in the Public centre The Construction and Deconstruction of Public Men and Public Patriarchies. London Routledge Luhaorg, L. and Zivian, M. T. (1995) Gender role conflict the fundamental interaction of gender, gender role, and occupation . Sex Roles, 33,9/10, 607-20 Segal, L. (1999) Why Feminism? Cambridge Polity Press Williams, C. L. (1992) The glass escalator unsung advantages for men in the female professions. Social Problems 39,3, 253-67 Page 4 of 4 BMME1 1142A Transformation of Work (BAFW4), Individual Assignment, 27th June 2012 Kam Yong Kuat (UB 10038891)